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专题民主生活存在的不足

The country's roaring stock market and soaring property prices have generated wealth for so many that the mainland now has more billionaires than any place other than the United States, according to a list released Wednesday.The list has 106 US dollar billionaires, compared with 15 last year and none in 2002, according to the popular annual The Hurun Rich List - compiled by Shanghai-based independent analyst Rupert Hoogeperf.Out of the top 10, nine own listed companies - six are real estate developers and two also derive a large percentage of their wealth from real estate, indicating that the country's economic growth is largely driven by construction and manufacturing.The total wealth of the 800 richest Chinese reached 9.3 billion, or 16 percent of the country's GDP last year. Their average wealth more than doubled in the past year to 2 million."China's richest have reaped windfalls from a sharp hike in property prices and the burgeoning stock markets," said Hoogeperf.But Beijing-based investment banker Andrew Zhang said: "The list shows up bubbles in the economy. The rich have accumulated their wealth with little technology, branding or international networks."Yang Huiyan - the 26-year-old woman who was No 1 on Forbes wealth list released this week - remains top on the Hurun list with a personal fortune reaching .5 billion, transferred from her property developer father.Her fortune comes from a 59.5 percent stake in Country Garden Holdings, a South China real estate developer founded by her father. The company's initial public offering in Hong Kong in April raised the equivalent of .9 billion and its shares closed Wednesday at HK.12 - more than double the IPO price.She is followed by 50-year-old Zhang Yin, last year's topper, who saw the value of her shares in Nine Dragon Paper triple to billion following a surge in the Hong Kong stock market.Xu Rongmao, 57, owner of Shimao Property Holdings Ltd comes in at No 3. He has seen his wealth grow to .5 billion, up .5 billion from last year.Huang Guangyu, 38, who founded Gome Electrical Appliances Holdings and owns unlisted property businesses, is fourth with billion.Guo Guangchang, whose Fosun Group has investments in property, retail, steel, pharmaceuticals and mining, rejoins the top 10 for the first time in four years after raising .5 billion from a Hong Kong listing in June.Surging share prices created much of the wealth of those on Hoogewerf's list.Nine made it due to shareholdings in Minsheng Banking Corp - the most prominent creator of super-rich of any Chinese company.Ping An Insurance (Group) Co, China's second-largest life insurer, and Western Mining Co, a zinc and lead miner, were each responsible for the wealth of seven on the list.

Chinese auditors said it found no embezzlement or misappropriation of construction fund in the ongoing Three Gorges project, however, they also detected some problems and flaws in the project management. The National Audit Office (NAO) said the overall quality control of the project was fine and total investment were kept under control. All 11 major projects were up to the standards, as were main materials such as steel and cement, said an audit report by the NAO. It said total inflation-adjusted investment, expected to be 78 billion yuan, could be more than 35 billion yuan less than planned in 1994. By the end of 2005, the country had spent 64.2 billion yuan on the project. The NAO, however, also detected extra construction costs of 488 million yuan, most of which was incurred by project construction contractors who exaggerated their expenditure. The office also found 20.4 hectares of land illegally used without governmental permission, while another 110 hectares approved for use had been left idle. "The problems are largely due to lack of laws and regulations and imperfection in internal control," said Pan Xiaojun, senior official with the NAO. The company said it had already corrected the use of 139 million yuan of fund involving violation of rules, and a total 17 measures had been adopted to improve management over the project. The office said 21 power station construction projects, most of which involved a single contract value of less than 10 million yuan were not put out to tender. A few construction companies were discovered to have subcontracted their projects against regulations and obtained illegal charge of 53.45 million yuan. About half of the 1,448 supervisors sampled were found to have no licenses for the work. The China Three Gorges Corporation said it had strengthened the implementation of public bidding to ensure the fairness of the results and avoid the influence of people, and it also added detailed terms about contracting in contracts to prevent illegal contracting. The unlicensed supervisors had been fired and supervision over the project supervisors were enhanced, according to the company. The report said that the project across the Yangtze River, the construction of which began in 1993, had played a "better-than-expected" role in flood prevention, power generation and shipping. "It's possible to put the project into full operation by 2009 as planned, and the project is running a bit ahead of schedule," it said. The fourteen generators in a power plant had been put into operation a year earlier than planned in 2005, the office said. Upon its completion, the Three Gorges dam will produce 85 billion kwh of electricity annually for supply to central and eastern China. The dam, which is 2,309 meters long and 185 meters high, will be installed with 26 turbo-generators, each with a generation capacity of 700,000 kilowatts. The audit, which took 150 auditors more than six months to complete, covered areas including fund raising, management and use, construction management as well as benefit of the project.

LAS VEGAS -- Three men enslaved more than 20 members of a Chinese acrobatic team, feeding them little, paying them next to nothing to perform and confiscating their passports and visas, US authorities said. A woman who worked as an interpreter for China Star Acrobats escaped late last month and contacted authorities, the FBI said. She told police she and 20 teammates -- including five teens ages 14 to 17 -- were being held against their will. Social workers interviewed 14 of them Friday, according to a criminal complaint. "They literally hugged the investigators when they arrived," said FBI spokesman David Staretz. You Zhi Li, 38, Yang Shen, 21, and Jun Hu, 43, were arrested this week on slavery charges. A preliminary hearing was scheduled for July 13. The acrobats said Li promised them 0 (euro220) to ,600 (euro1,174) a month to perform with the China Star Acrobats, a team that traveled and performed at schools across the United States. "It's a cultural program," said Anthony Wright, Li's court-appointed defense attorney. "Chinese folks get to come over here and learn about America." Prosecutors said the acrobats were forced to stay in Li's home, where up to six lived in each bedroom. Most had been brought to Las Vegas months ago. The acrobats told authorities they were fed minimal amounts of instant noodles, rice and vegetables twice a day. They said they sometimes had to perform twice a day, were awakened early and did not get to sleep until very late. According to the complaint, Li confiscated visas and passports and told them their phone calls home would be monitored. One girl who performed as a contortionist told authorities she was being paid (euro36) a month, while a boy who said he had been traveling with the troupe for two years said he received 0 (euro73) per month. The acrobats are now being provided shelter, food and medical attention, said Terri Miller, director of the Anti-Trafficking League Against Slavery, a task force formed last year in the Las Vegas Valley.

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BEIJING - Zhang Bing grew up in remote Inner Mongolia, where his family herded sheep and raised chickens. Today he's a manager in a glittering karaoke club 1,000 kilometers (600 miles) away in a booming eastern Chinese city. Zhang, 26, is part of a huge wave of rural workers streaming into China's cities in search of work and opportunity. A UN report released Wednesday said more than half of China's population - now 1.3 billion people - will be living in urban areas within 10 years. Government officials say an estimated 150 million people moved to China's cities between 1999 and 2005, providing labor to fuel the country's breakneck economic growth. "From 1980 to 2030, the population of China will go from being 20 percent urban to almost two-thirds urban. We're in the middle of that transformation. Within the next 10 years we'll cross that halfway mark," said William Ryan, the United Nations Population Fund's information adviser for Asia and the Pacific region. The agency's State of World Population 2007 report says more than half the world's population will live in cities and towns in 2008, with the number expected to grow to 60 percent, or 5 billion people, by 2030. Asia is at the forefront of this demographic shift, expected to nearly double its urban population between 2000 and 2030, from 1.4 billion to 2.6 billion. Zhang moved to Tianjin after high school and earns about US0 (euro370) a month at the Oriental Pearl karaoke club. He saves two-thirds, and is thinking of opening a store to sell knockoff purses. He said he expects to have a wife, house and car - "an Audi, definitely" - within 10 years. Like 80 percent of migrant workers in China, Zhang is under 35 and works in the service industry, which along with construction and manufacturing employs most migrant workers. But his story, told in the UNFPA's youth supplement, is atypical. Although most workers have only a middle school education, Zhang finished high school and attended business school in Tianjin. His salary is much higher than the average worker's 500 to 800 yuan (US to 5; euro48 to euro78) a month, according to Duan Chengrong, a demographics professor at Renmin University. In comparison, a typical Beijing urbanite makes about 2,000 yuan (US0; euro193) a month. Migrant workers generally cram themselves into rented housing on the outskirts of town, with an average of five square meters (50 square feet) of living space per person and no heat, running water or sanitation facilities, Duan said. At many construction sites, the workers lodge in ramshackle dormitories, or even in tents pitched on a nearby sidewalk. China's government has taken measures to "avoid the emergence of urban slums and the transformation of rural poor to urban poor," said Hou Yan, deputy director of the social development department in China's Development and Reform Commission. She mentioned programs such as establishing a minimum living standard, providing medical and educational assistance, and supplying affordable housing and basic public services. Hou did not give details of the programs. China's urbanization is unique in that it stems largely from migration instead of natural population growth. The Communist government that took control in 1949 imposed residency rules as part of strict controls on where people could live, work or even whom they could marry. It was not until recent years that rising wealth and greater personal freedoms eroded the system, allowing farmers to move to cities. The UNFPA estimates that, in less than a decade, China will have 83 cities of more than 750,000 people. Zhang, who spoke at the news conference where the UNFPA report was released, believes cities are the future of China. Before taking the job at the karaoke club, he made money teaching Chinese to foreign students, selling phone cards and running a copy shop. "In order to get employed, what is most important is to be diligent," he said. "Only when you work hard can you get good results."

A top energy team under China's cabinet is drafting a strategy to increase access to sustainable energy among the rural poor.The plan will be based on research of other countries' experiences and is scheduled for release next year, the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) announced on Friday.The UN agency will help the Energy Leading Group affiliated with the State Council to attract global energy experts to work on the draft."We want to help the (Chinese) government come up with a viable rural energy strategy, which may serve as a role model for other developing countries," Shen Yiyang, program manager of UNDP's Energy & Environment Team, told China Daily.Details of the draft's contents were unavailable.Ma Xiaohe, vice-president of the Academy of Macroeconomic Research under the National Development and Reform Commission, confirmed that an overall rural energy strategy is being developed.Energy demand in rural areas is expected to increase rapidly in the run-up to 2030, he said.Rural energy consumption is expected to reach between 1 and 1.4 billion tons coal equivalent by 2015, compared to 370 million tons in 2000.The supply of commercial energy - electricity, coal and natural gas - is expected to meet two-thirds of rural areas' energy demand. Energy sources located in the countryside will supply the other third, Ma said.Currently, renewable energy accounts for only a small amount of rural energy supplies. But according to Ma, green energy will reach 400 million tons of coal equivalent by 2020.The country has set a goal of raising the ratio of renewable energy in the total energy supply to 15 percent by 2020, compared to the present 8 percent.

BEIJING -- China's first lunar probe Chang'e-1 will fly to the moon orbit with no more orbital corrections, a scientist told Xinhua on Saturday.Tang Geshi, a scientist with the Beijing Aerospace Control Center (BACC), said that the center will order the satellite to apply the first break at about 10:00 on Monday with no more planned orbital corrections.BACC carried out an orbital correction of Chang'e-1 on Friday, about nine days after its launch. "The correction has made the satellite run accurately in the transforming orbit heading to the moon, and another correction planned on November 4 will be unnecessary," Tang said.The Chang'e-1 lunar probe has been flying at a speed of 500-meter per second to the space where the moon's gravity could capture it.It has completed four orbital transforms and one halfway correction and is expected to enter the moon orbit on November 5.China's first lunar probe, Chang'e-1, named after a fairy-tale Chinese goddess who flew to the moon, blasted off on a Long March 3A carrier rocket on Oct. 24 from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center in southwestern Sichuan Province. 

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Yichang - Construction of a tunnel under the Yangtze River that will form part of a gas pipeline project running from Sichuan Province to Shanghai was completed Monday.The 1.4-km, 3.08-m diameter tunnel sits 20 m beneath the riverbed and connects two wells on either side of the river in Yichang city, Hubei Province, Liu Juzheng, head of the Hubei section of the pipeline, said.With a total length of 2,203 km, the pipeline will serve as an "energy artery" as part of the West-East gas project, Liu said.The pipeline is expected to channel 12.1 billion cu m of natural gas a year from the Puguang field in Sichuan to central and eastern regions of the country, including Chongqing Municipality, the provinces of Hubei, Anhui, Jiangxi, Jiangsu and Zhejiang, and Shanghai Municipality.The tunnel, which took 325 days to complete, is the first of five to be built under the Yangtze.Industry experts say the new pipeline, which will cost 62.7 billion yuan (.4 billion) to build, will provide an opportunity to develop western regions based on their rich natural resources.Chen Deming, vice-minister of the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC), said the pipeline will be completed in late 2010 and the gas it transports will help reduce carbon dioxide emissions by tens of millions of tons a year.Figures from the China Petrochemical Corporation (Sinopec) put Puguang's proven reserves at 356.1 billion cu m. The country has total proven natural gas reserves of about 2.66 trillion cu m.The government has been promoting the use of natural gas to improve energy efficiency and reduce air pollution.Under an NDRC proposal on natural gas development, the government plans to increase the natural gas pipeline network to 44,000 km by 2010 to meet demand.Although China's natural gas output will reach 94 billion cu m in 2010, up from 58.6 billion in 2006, an additional 16 billion cu m a year will still have to be imported to meet demand, Sinopec said.In Shanghai, demand for natural gas soared from 4 million cu m in 2003 to 1.9 billion in 2005.In 2004, China National Petroleum Corp (CNPC) opened its West-East gas pipeline, which runs more than 4,000 km and channels 1.2 billion cu m of gas a year to Shanghai from the Tarim Basin in the country's westernmost region of Xinjiang.CNPC is to build a second West-East pipeline to carry gas imported from central Asia to the Pearl and Yangtze river deltas. Construction will begin next year with the line, which is designed to carry 30 billion cu m a year, becoming operational in 2010.

The government is to increase the level of pensions and housing subsidies for poor families in a bid to bridge the widening income gap. A State Council meeting chaired by Premier Wen Jiabao on Wednesday pledged to increase pensions for more than 40 million retirees from State-owned enterprises over the next three years. The government has already raised their pensions in the past three years by an average of 8 percent a year. But the cabinet considers the present pension level "still quite low". It said the increases over the next three years would exceed the rises made between 2005 and 2007 to "further ease social tensions caused by the income gap". The move is aimed at helping retired senior technology professionals and those who now get a relatively low pension. The cabinet ordered local governments to make sure this year's pensions are paid by the end of the month. While pledging to regularize pension increases, the cabinet also called for the development of other forms of pension rather than solely relying on the budget. It mentioned commercial and enterprise-funded insurance schemes. The average pension of enterprise employees is about 750 yuan (0) per month - the minimum salary set for developed cities, including Beijing. "With my pension, I can just about make ends meet. Consumer prices have kept on rising in the first half of this year," a 72-year-old retiree said. The cabinet also endorsed a plan to provide affordable housing to urban low-income groups. The policy aims to provide rent subsidies or low-rent housing for those who cannot afford commercial housing in the cities. By pledging to set aside more funding and land for the construction and acquisition of such housing, the government hopes to provide low-rent housing for all low-income urban residents - not just the poorest - by the end of 2010. The government aims to achieve this goal through multi-channels - construction, purchases, renovation and donations. "With the country's economic boom, it's time to share the pie with all levels of society," Chen Liangwen, an economic researcher with Peking University, said.

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The Employment Promotion Law is being revised to provide a firmer legal footing for efforts to combat the discrimination that Hepatitis B virus carriers have encountered while looking for work, a senior official said. If the revised law is passed, Hepatitis B carriers will have the tools they need to guard their right to secure fair employment and to have discriminating employers punished. Liu Danhua, deputy director of the Labor and Social Security Ministry's training and employment department, said the drafters planned to write a chapter called "fair employment" and to add an article that bans employers from refusing to hire applicants because they carry infectious viruses. She made the remarks during an online interview on www.gov.cn on Friday. At least 15,000 people participated in the online chat and left more than 600 messages for the official. Many spoke about their experiences of being rejected by employers because they are Hepatitis B virus carriers. They applauded the document released by the Labor and Social Security Ministry and the Ministry of Health in May, which called for the protection of virus carriers' employment rights. Still, some were disappointed that some employers seemed not to have heeded the call. According to the document, except for those industries barred to Hepatitis carriers because of the possibility they might spread the virus, such as food processing, employers are not to make Hepatitis screening a mandatory part of physical checkups. Medical organizations have been asked to protect carriers' privacy. But in many cities checks for theHepatitis B virus are more or less obligatory before securing employment. A college graduate from Changsha, Hubei Province, using the Web alias "jiushi3953", said he had been rejected three times by companies because he has Hepatitis B. He was worried he would never get a good job. "Almost every company in Shenzhen demands a Hepatitis virus check Please give me a chance to survive," he said. Hao Yang, deputy director of the Ministry of Health's disease control and prevention bureau, said discrimination was rooted in people's misconceptions about Hepatitis B. Many people and even some doctors think Hepatitis B virus can be transmitted while dining together or touching. Hao said this is wrong. The country is home to about 120 million chronic carriers of the Hepatitis B virus, which may lead to chronic inflammation of the liver. Carriers do not suffer, and do not pose a threat to other people.

Chinese government said on Tuesday Vietnam had caused concern by agreeing with BP, a British oil company, to build a gas pipeline in the South China Sea. "China has indisputable sovereignty over the Nansha Islands and neighboring areas," Foreign Ministry spokesman Qin Gang said in Beijing."Vietnam's new actions infringing on China's sovereignty, sovereign power and administrative rights in the Nansha Islands (in the South China Sea) go against the important consensus reached by leaders of the two countries on this maritime issue," he emphasized. "It is not beneficial to stability in the South China Sea area. China is paying close attention, and we have already made serious representations to the Vietnamese side," the spokesman said. "With everyone's hard work, the situation in the South China Sea has been stable." Qin also said that the February13 agreement on the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK) nuclear issue may have run afoul of some difficulties, but that does not mean the Six-Party Talks have failed or will be rendered invalid."(The difficulties) are natural because the talks have never been smooth, but the fact that the situation has encountered difficulties doesn't mean that the talks don't work," Qin said at a news conference. All parties are committed to the idea that negotiations are the only way to achieve a stable, nuclear-free Korean Peninsula and the normalization of diplomatic ties, he added. The DPRK (North Korea) walked out of the Six-Party Talks last month when the transfer of million that had been frozen at Banco Delta Asia in Macao did not come through. The latest agreement between the parties gives Pyongyang 60 days to shut down its nuclear facilities in return for energy aid. That deadline falls on Saturday. The US Treasury Department has said that Macao authorities are prepared to unblock the frozen funds. The government of Macao Special Administrative Region said it was aware of the US Treasury statement and that it would work with all parties involved. "Simultaneously, it expects all parties concerned to come up with appropriate and responsible arrangements," the government said on its website. Qin said Bank of China, which had been initially prepared to accept the frozen funds on behalf of Pyongyang, still needed more time to think about it. "It is a publicly listed company and has to conform to its international obligations and laws," he said. As for the Darfur issue, Qin said that China hoped that former UN secretary-general Kofi Annan's peace plan would be implemented and that the UN troops would be employed as early as possible.