论资源物权的社会性义务

乡镇调解工作小结及明年工作规划

Businesses in the Taihu Lake area will have to pay heavy fees to discharge pollution into the lake and nearby waterways this year, officials from the Jiangsu environmental protection bureau said Thursday.The new regulation, approved by the State Environmental Protection Administration and the Ministry of Finance last month, is the first of its kind in the country. It will be implemented initially in Suzhou, Wuxi, Changzhou, Zhenjiang and Nanjing, all in Jiangsu Province.The move is part of a long-awaited campaign to limit the amount of pollution pumped into the region's waterways.Taihu Lake, which provides drinking water for about 30 million people in the provinces of Jiangsu and Zhejiang as well as Shanghai Municipality, has been heavily polluted by industrial waste, pesticides and fertilizer since the 1980s.The situation deteriorated in May last year when the lake suffered from a massive blue-green algae outbreak that threatened the water supply to more than 1 million residents of Wuxi.The government closed down some 2,800 small chemical factories after the bloom appeared.The water quality in the Taihu Lake area is expected to improve as the new rule takes effect, prodding companies to clean up their operations to avoid fines, an official surnamed Gao, with the publicity and education department of the provincial environmental protection bureau, said.The new regulation includes charges of 4,500 yuan (0) per ton for increasing chemical oxygen demand, a measure of the amount of oxygen used in a chemical reaction caused by chemical waste in water, or double what it costs to treat polluted water.Seven industries, including chemicals, textiles, iron and steel-making, and paper mills, which are believed to pose the biggest threat to water safety, will be subject to the fines.Companies discharging more than their quota of pollution will face fines of up to 1 million yuan. However, those that do not use up their quotas are welcome to trade the difference with other companies.

VIENTIANE, March 28 (Xinhua) -- The trade and economic cooperation between China and Laos has made outstanding progress in recent years and it is endowed with promising future, Lao Prime Minister Bouasone Bouphavanh told Xinhua here about the prospect of Sino-Lao relations.     "The Sino-Lao cooperation will be more efficient and pragmatic under the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) economic cooperation mechanism," said Bouasone. Lao Prime Minister Bouasone Bouphavanh speaks during an exclusive interview with Xinhua prior to the upcoming Third GMS Summit on Friday, March 28, 2008.In an exclusive interview with Xinhua prior to the upcoming Third GMS Summit, where leaders of the six GMS countries -- Cambodia, China, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, and Vietnam, will be meeting in Vientiane, Laos on 30-31 March 2008 to discuss the progress and chart future directions in GMS cooperation, Bouasone highly valued the compressive development of the bilateral relations between the two GMS member countries.     China and Laos have traditional friendship and enjoy healthy and steady development under the principles of long-term stability, good neighborliness, mutual trust and comprehensive cooperation, Bouasone said.     There have been frequent exchanges of high-profile visits especially since the entering of the 21st century. The two countries leaders sincerely exchanged views on lots of bilateral, regional and international issues and reached a wide range of consensus with the signing of a series of friendly cooperation agreements, he added.     In 2007, the volume of bilateral trade between Laos and C

 BEIJING -- China's economy in 2008 will maintain a robust and stable momentum despite uncertainties ahead, according to signs revealed during the country's top legislative and political advisory sessions. Liu Shucheng, a political adviser and director of the Economic Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (CASS), believes it is almost out of question for China to score 10 percent of gross domestic product (GDP) growth this year."China's economy has maintained a long period of continued and stable growth, which is unprecedented since the founding of New China (in 1949)," he said.Justin Yifu Lin, a deputy to the National People's Congress (NPC) and the World Bank's chief economist, holds a similar view, saying China's economy would be affected little by the U.S. subprime crisis."The demand by the United States, China's second largest trade partner, would not decrease by a large margin as most of Chinese exports to it were low- and middle-end," Lin said.Despite the sound economic expansion on the whole, Zhang Quan, an NPC deputy and head of Shanghai environmental protection administration, held that China should be fully prepared for the uncertainties ahead."Risk prevention capability should be further strengthened. Just as an old Chinese saying goes: be prepared for danger in times of safety," he said.In his government work report at the NPC session, Premier Wen Jiabao said, "There are quite a few uncertainties in the current economic situation home and abroad, so we need to keep close track of new developments and problems, properly size up situations and take prompt and flexible measures to respond to them while keeping our feet firmly rooted in reality."China's GDP in 2007 reached 24.66 trillion yuan, an increase of 65.5 percent over 2002 and average annual increase of 10.6 percent. However, the consumer price index (CPI) in 2007 rose 4.8 percent year-on-year, the highest since 1997 and well above the 3 percent target, mainly due to rises in food and housing costs. In January this year, monthly CPI rose 7.1 percent, the highest monthly surge in the past 11 years.Meanwhile, the U.S. Federal Reserve cut interest rate six times in seven months. The European Central Bank (ECB) held key interest rate steady for fears of further inflation in the eurozone as inflation remained a record high of 3.2 percent since the beginning of the year.In general, the impact from U.S. subprime crisis on global economy is not clear. And there is no consensus on how international oil price and price hikes would impact on inflation.Under such circumstances, Premier Wen called for the appropriate pace, focus and intensity of macroeconomic regulation to sustain steady and fast economic development and avoid drastic economic fluctuations.The premier said China would strive to keep this year's CPI increase at around 4.8 percent while following a prudent fiscal policy and a tight monetary policy.As the U.S. newspaper International Herald Tribune observed from the premier's report, the price hike has become the top concern of Chinese government. The main task is to rein in growing inflation and prevent the economy from being overheated.China's top economic planner, central bank governor and financial minister gathered at a press conference on Thursday to explain government measures to regulate macro-economic growth and contain rising inflation.To prevent fast economic growth from becoming overheated growth and keep structural price increases from turning into significant inflation, the People's Bank of China raised the reserve requirement ratio by half of a percentage point to 15 percent on January 25, the highest since 1984. In 2007, the central bank had raised the ratio ten times and benchmark interest rate six times.Economists believe the measures is to ensure sound economic growth and stabilize market anticipation of inflation. The central government has regarded curbing price hikes as the "rigid lever" for this year's macroeconomic regulation while saving room for economic structure adjustment.For low-income earners, who are affected most by growing inflation, a protective umbrella will be provided by the government that advocates "putting people first"."I believe the government will make greater efforts to solve social issues and improve people's livelihood through increasing fiscal revenue and making use of other resources," said Jia Kang, a political advisor and director of the Research Institute for Fiscal Science under the Ministry of Finance.Indeed, Premier Wen's report showed unusual concern on the issue of prices, and came up with nine measures, short- and long-time, to increase effective supply and curb unreasonable demand.These measures include expanding production, especially the production of the basic necessities of life such as grain, vegetable oil and meat as well as other commodities in short supply, speeding up improvement of the reserve system, promptly improving and implementing measures to aid the low-income sector of the population and to make sure that the prices of the means of production, particularly agricultural supplies, do not rise rapidly.

云南激光和飞秒

National guidelines on economically affordable housing were released on Friday night along with new State measures on housing for low-income families, which come into effect on Saturday.Economically affordable houses ought to be around 60 sq m per unit, said the guidelines jointly released by the Ministry of Construction, the National Development and Reform Commission, and five other ministries.It said eligible purchasers will "have limited property rights", and that the apartments can only be directly sold after five years.Moreover, the document limited fundraising for cooperative housing units to independent mining corporations on the outskirts of cities and enterprises with a significant number of employees with housing problems, while stressing that they must do so with their own properties.Eligible applicants of the Measure on Low-rent Housing Security, meanwhile, are no longer limited to city households with the lowest income, but will also include all lower-income urban families with housing issues.Government subsidies, the usual means of securing housing for these social groups, are to be gathered from rental fees on low-rent housing, credit risk reserves, housing provident funds, social donations and security funds. Local governments must also spend 10 per-cent of the local land-use fees on developing low-rent housing, said the measure, released by nine ministries on Monday.Because situations vary across the 656 cities that had adopted the mechanism as of October, the measure allows special funds to be allocated to central and western regions that find it financially difficult to support the construction of low-rent homes.Additionally, the construction area of these apartments, limited to 50 sq m per unit, should be granted preferential status on a stand-alone basis in land supply schemes and annual land-use applications.Months earlier, the central government urged local governments to reserve at least 70 percent of the land designated for residential construction for units under 90 sq m. But since the housing security system is expected to cover all low-income Chinese families by 2010, implementation of the new measure and relevant policies has a long way to go.Figures from the Ministry of Construction show that nearly 10 million households still live in a housing space, per capita, of less than 10 sq m. Up to the end of 2006, only 268,000 families, or 6.7 percent of all households living on a minimum allowance, and 2.7 percent of all low-income households in China, had benefited from low-rent housing policies.Despite a record 7.04 billion yuan (.52 million) of central government investment in low-income housing so far this year, 50 billion yuan is needed every year for the next five years to continue to broaden coverage, the People's Daily reported.To address the housing problems of urban low-income families, for example, Shanghai is to pour in a total of 2 billion yuan in providing 500,000 sq m of low-rent apartments by the end of this year, Shanghai's Jiefang Daily reported on Friday.The money will come from the 8.3 billion yuan coffers of the Shanghai public housing reserve fund.Cong Chen, a staffer at the Department of Policy and Regulation of Shanghai Provident Fund Management Center, confirmed the information.The project, launched last month, has already secured 150,000 sq m of land in Jiading, Baoshan and several other districts in Shanghai, 70 percent of which are completed flats.These flats are said to be lo-cated in areas with comparatively mature transportation and living facilities, such as metro stations and bus stops, for the convenience of low-income tenants, the Jiefang Daily said.

The Board of Airport Authority Hong Kong awarded a franchise to building a new cargo terminal at Hong Kong International Airport (HKIA) to a subsidiary of Cathay Pacific Airways Limited here Tuesday.     According to the contract, Cathay Pacific Services Limited, a subsidiary of the parent airways, will design, construct and operate the 10-hectare new cargo terminal during the non-exclusive,20-year franchise.     The new terminal and recently completed enhancements to the cargo apron, taxiways and aircraft stands will equip HKIA to meet future demand for cargo services and to maintain its position as the region's premier air cargo hub.     "The new cargo terminal will reinforce the competitiveness of HKIA as a regional and international air cargo hub." Airport Authority Chief Executive Officer Stanley Hui said, adding "it will provide additional choices for airlines, shippers and freight forwarders.     "I believe it will bring substantial economic benefits, in the form of new jobs and business opportunities, to Hong Kong," he said.     Scheduled to open in the second half of 2011, the new terminal will have an annual capacity of about 2.6 million tons and increase the airport's total general and express cargo handling capacity to 7.4 million tons per annum.     According to Cathay Pacific Services, construction of the new terminal will create over 400 jobs. When it starts operation, the facility will employ more than 1,700 people.     The decision to build a new cargo terminal was made after the Airport Authority held extensive consultations with Hong Kong's air cargo and logistics industry.     In December 2006, the Airport Authority called for pre- qualification proposals, which was followed by invitation for submission of business plans. The Airport Authority assessed the business plans and decided to award the franchise to Cathay Pacific Services as a result of an open and competitive tender process.     The Airport Authority also invited the Independent Commission Against Corruption as an independent advisor to oversee the process.     Driven by the rapid expansion of the Chinese mainland's economy and robust global trade, cargo throughput at HKIA rose 4.5 percent in 2007, to 3.74 million tons. The air cargo industry handled over1.9 trillion HK dollars (243.6 billion US dollars) worth of goods in 2007, accounting 35 percent of Hong Kong's total external trade.     HKIA has remained the world's busiest international cargo airport for the 11th consecutive year.

BEIJING - China is trying to improve the role of the country's more than 2,400 museums to make them more accessible to the public, according to an ongoing national conference attended by directors of provincial cultural relics departments.The museums, which are sponsored by the government, institutions or individuals, hold nearly 10,000 exhibitions on different themes annually. In all, they received about 150 million visitors each year.A big boost, thanks to government efforts, is that more and more Chinese museums have stopped its long-time practice of selling tickets to visitors.Increasingly, critics had complained that the expensive charges collected by educational and cultural institutions had become a big financial burden on Chinese families.To date, more than 1,000 museums and memorial institutions have been officially made educational bases for patriotism and popular science. They received 32 million underage visitors annually.

昆明300度近视严重吗

BEIJING, March 21 (Xinhua)-- Personal computer giant Dell Inc. said Thursday that it will raise parts purchases from China by 27.8 percent this year, increasing its presence in the booming market.     Dell is to buy 23 billion U.S. dollars worth of computer components and other equipment from Chinese suppliers this year, compared with 18 billion U.S. dollars in 2007, said Michael Dell, chief executive officer of the PC giant, at a press conference.     However, Dell's Beijing representative office denied reports that the company was planning to buy 29 billion U.S. dollars of computer parts from China in 2009.     To secure a bigger share of the Chinese market, Dell broke with its Internet sales model and sealed a deal in September to sell PCs through the country's top electronics retailer, GOME Electrical Appliances.     Dell saw its PC shipments in China up 54 percent year-on-year in 2007.     The company plans to expand its retail outlets from 45 cities in 2007 to 1,200 by the end of the year.     China, where Dell ranks third in terms of market share, is one of the company's fastest growing markets, said Michael Dell.     Dell has two factories in Xiamen, a coastal city in southeastern Fujian Province, a design center in Shanghai and a customer contact center in Dalian, a northeast coastal city, with more than 6,000 employees in China.     Meanwhile, Dell estimates it will contribute more than 50 billion U.S. dollars to China's gross domestic product (GDP) this year, and provide about 2 million jobs.     Dell also said it would donate 1.7 million yuan (239,436 U.S. dollars) to build six education centers in China to teach computer skills to migrant workers' children.

Beijing - China is turning the site of a prison camp run by Japanese forces during World War Two into a war museum, the Xinhua news agency said on Sunday. More than 2,000 prisoners from the United States, Britain, the Netherlands and Australia were imprisoned at the camp in Shenyang, a Manchurian city formerly known as Mukden, between November 1942 and August 1945. More than one in 10 of them died, Xinhua said. Many Chinese believe Japan has yet to apologize properly for its invasion and occupation of China in the years leading up to and during the war. The 54 million yuan (US million) museum in Shenyang will include a two-storey brick building, three bungalows and a water tower, all original camp buildings in the Dadong district, Xinhua said. Two walls in a square will be inscribed with the names of the prisoners of war. China has a museum in Nanjing commemorating the slaughter of the citizens of that city, formerly known as Nanking, by invading Japanese troops 70 years ago. Nanjing has become the focal point for Japanese ultra-nationalists who dispute the Chinese estimate that 300,000 died or even that any massacre occurred. An Allied tribunal after the war put the death toll at about 142,000 men, women and children.

昆明激光治疗近视步骤

DAVOS - China will endeavor to maintain steady and fairly fast economic growth and deepen the reform of the economic system, Chinese Vice-Premier Zeng Peiyan said here Thursday."To prevent overheating of the economy and inflation is our top priority for macro control this year. We will pursue a prudent fiscal policy and tight monetary policy to ensure general balance between demand and supply and make the economy better structured," said Zeng at a session of the five-day World Economic Forum (WEF) Annual Meeting.At the session of "special message and conversation" in his honor, Zeng said China will work on transforming the model of growth."In promoting economic growth, the focus of our efforts will be shifted from relying mainly on investment and export to stimulating consumption and steadily increasing the consumption rate; from relying mainly on manufacturing industry to promoting the growth of agriculture and services industries and increasing the share of the service sector in economic output," he said.Zeng said China will deepen economic structural reforms, encourage sectors of different ownership to compete as equals and develop together.He also made it clear that China seeks promotion of sustainable development.China has launched a campaign of energy conservation and emission reduction to meet the targets set for 2010 including a 10- percent reduction in the 2005 levels of (sulfur dioxide) SO2 emission and chemical oxygen demand (COD), he said."We are accelerating the pace to eliminate the backward production styles of factories with high energy consumption and pollutant emission, step up the construction of waster water and sewage processing facilities and vigorously develop energy-saving and land-saving housing, and fuel-efficient and environmentally friendly automobiles," he added.The air conditioning of buildings will be kept at an appropriate level, and energy-saving bulbs will be used throughout the country, he said.In his speech, Zeng noted that the world today needs to address many problems facing the growth of the world economy.These problems include greater uncertainties for global economic growth, the rising prices of primary products, resurfacing of trade protectionism, and growing concerns over global climate change, he said."The plummeting of stock markets throughout the world in the past few days speak eloquently of how much the market is worried about a possible slowdown or even recession of the US economy," he said.Financial risks spread faster than before, and one single financial and economic event in a country could cause chain reactions in other parts of the world, he said.The sub-prime mortgage crisis which broke out in the United States has hurt many transnational financial institutions and its adverse impact on countries concerned has start to be felt, he elaborated.He expressed his concerns that the prices of primary products are still rising and have raised production cost and consumer spending and led to more inflationary pressure in the world.Turning to trade protectionism, the Chinese vice-premier said that some countries have raised non-tariff trade barriers and imposed more restrictions on foreign investment.Such practices hurt the interests of exporters, producers, investors, importers and consumers alike and will ultimately harm the common interests of all countries, he said.He promised that China are ready to work with the international community to address these risks and meet the challenges and contribute to economic stability and sustainable development in the world.He noted that since joining the World Trade Organization, China has honored its commitments.China's average tariff level has dropped from 15.3 percent of the pre-accession years to the current 9.8 percent, and China has abolished non-tariff measures, he said."We will continue to promote trade and investment liberalization and facilitation," he said.While stressing that peace, development and cooperation represent the irresistible trend of the times, Zeng said China will pursue win-win cooperation with foreign nations and accommodate the legitimate concerns of other countries, especially the developing ones."We will work with all countries, international organizations and people from all walks of life to harness the power of collaborative innovation, pursue win-win cooperation, seize the opportunities together and share the benefits of development, meet challenges and work hard for global prosperity and progress," said the Chinese official.The five-day WEF annual meeting started in this Swiss ski resort on Wednesday under the principal theme of "the Power of Collaborative Innovation."The event drew the world's political and business elite, including 27 heads of state or government, and more than 110 government ministers.