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BEIJING, Oct. 29 (Xinhua) -- Equality has become a catchphrase when Chinese lawmakers mull over two major moves in the history of China's legislative progress.     Chinese rural and urban people are about to get equal representation in lawmaking bodies. It means farmers will have the same say in the country's decision-making process as urbanites.     At the five-day legislative session beginning Tuesday, members of national legislature discussed to give rural and urban people equal representation in people's congresses.     A draft amendment to the Electoral Law was tabled at the bimonthly meeting of the National People's Congress (NPC) Standing Committee. It requires that both rural and urban areas adopt the same ratio of deputies to the people's congresses.     The electoral system is the foot stone of democracy, and the principle of equality is a prerequisite to guarantee people's democratic rights.     The Electoral Law was enacted in 1953 and completely revised in1979. It then underwent four minor amendments.     Senior people are still nostalgic about the bean-counting way of electing their representatives in villages, which was the country's primitive mode of democracy after New China was founded in 1949.     Candidates who stood for election as deputies to a people's congress were elected if they received more than half of the beans.     Later voters began to use ballots.     After the last amendment in 1995, the law stipulates that each rural deputy represents a population four times that in urban areas.     That means in China, every 960,000 rural residents and every 240,000 urbanites are represented by one rural and urban NPC deputy respectively.     Critics say this can be interpreted as "farmers only enjoy a quarter of the suffrage of their urban counterparts."     During previous amendments in the 1980s, the difference was even as great as eight times.     But Li Shishi, director of the Commission for Legislative Affairs of the NPC Standing Committee, said such a provision is "in accordance with the country's political system and social conditions of that time" and is "completely necessary" as the rural population is much more than that of cities and an equal ratio of rural and urban representation will mean an excessive number of rural deputies.     Rural population made up almost 90 percent of the country's total in 1949. With the process of urbanization, the ratio of urban and rural residents was about 45.7 to 54.3 last year.     Li said that with rapid urbanization and rural economic development, the time is right for equal representation, which is conducive to "mobilizing people's enthusiasm and creativity" and the development of democracy.     Zhou Hanhua, a research fellow with the Law Institute under the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, said the draft amendment is inline with social change, and "from the legal perspective it shows that all rights are equal under the law."     Obviously, the change will be a significant political progress and it is in line with the constitutional spirit that "everyone in the nation is equal."     It also reflects the transition of the country's urban and rural society.     According to the law, the number of deputies to the NPC is limited within 3,000, and the distribution of NPC deputies is decided by the NPC Standing Committee, the top legislature.     The draft amendment says the quotas of NPC deputies are distributed to 31 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions on the basis of their population, which ensures equal representation among regions and ethnic groups.     Another big issue that lawmakers deliberate at the session this week is to grant "equal compensation" to the victims of traffic, mining and industrial accidents as well as medical negligence, among others, regardless of the victims' identity, status, income and regional disparity.     The proposal is specified in the draft on tort liability, which is deliberated by members of the NPC Standing Committee for the third time.     Farmer victims normally get much less compensation than their urban counterparts. And there are often disputes from "different prices paid to different lives."     At the session, lawmakers consider to set the same compensation for all victims of an accident that results in many deaths.     It will be a significant step if the draft law on tort liability is adopted by the legislature, as it ensures equal rights for each Chinese and shows respect for every human life.

BEIJING, Dec. 26 (Xinhua) -- China will make unswerving efforts and work jointly with the international community for the completion of the Bali Roadmap negotiations at the Mexico climate talks next year, a senior official said Saturday.     Xie Zhenhua, vice minister of the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC), told Xinhua that China, as it has always done, would continue to play an active and constructive role on that front.     Also head of the Chinese delegation to the Copenhagen climate conference, Xie said developed countries bound by the Kyoto Protocol should confirm their second-phase emission reduction targets as soon as possible.     He said almost no progress was made on some key issues during the international climate change meeting in Copenhagen because developed countries were seeking to shift off obligations demanded by international climate agreements.     "Developing countries have raised requests concerning slowing and adapting to climate change, as well as funding and technology assistance, but developed countries have given no clear response, resulting in almost stagnation on key issues in these talks," he said.     It is also necessary to define the comparability of efforts in emission reduction between non-contracting developed countries and those who have endorsed the Protocol, said Xie.     He said parties bound by the Protocol should fulfill their commitment to short-term financing and stick to their promises on long-term funding.     Xie also urged developed nations to speed up technology transfer to developing countries.     Prior to the climate meeting, the Chinese government announced to cut emissions intensity by 40 to 45 percent by 2020 from the 2005 level.     During the talks in Copenhagen, China played an active role in seeking a viable solution to tackle global warming when diversity existed among countries, and it made great efforts to seek common ground while putting aside differences for further discussions, Xie said.

GENEVA, Nov. 30 (Xinhua) -- China will maintain the stability of its Renminbi (RMB) exchange rate all along, which does good for the world economic recovery, Commerce Minister Chen Deming said on Monday.     China's exchange rate reform has continued smoothly, and the value of RMB has risen by some 20 percent against the U.S. dollar since 2005, Chen told reporters in Geneva, where he is attending a ministerial conference of the World Trade Organization.     Despite the impact of the global financial crisis and all kinds of other difficulties, the Chinese government has actively tried to boost domestic consumption and stimulate imports, Chen said. Visiting Chinese Commerce Minister Chen Deming attends a launching ceremony of China-Swiss joint study to examine the feasibility of a Free Trade Agreement (FTA) in Geneva, Switzerland, Nov. 30, 2009    Maintaining a relatively stable RMB exchange rate serves the need of China's economic development as well as the world's economic stability, he added.     According to the minister, China's foreign trade surplus is expected to drop by more than a third to 190 billion dollars this year from last year's 290 billion dollars.     Chen also urged the world's major reserve currencies to remain stable. He said the continuous depreciation of these currencies had caused much difficulty for the world economy, and that the attempts to transfer the difficulty to other countries are unjustifiable.

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BEIJING Nov. 17 (Xinhua) -- United States President Barack Obama Tuesday said the U.S. government recognizes that Tibet is part of the People's Republic of China.     He also said that the United States supports the early resumption of dialogue between the Chinese government and representatives of the ** Lama to resolve any concerns and differences that the two sides may have.     "The United States respects the sovereignty and territorial integrity of China," Obama said at a joint press conference with Chinese President Hu Jintao at Beijing's Great Hall of the People.   

PARIS, Nov. 24 (Xinhua) -- The preparation for the 2010 Shanghai Expo has proceeded into exhibits arrangements and service operation as site constructions are mostly completed, China's representatives of Executive Committee of the Shanghai Expo announced here Tuesday in its last report of progress in the 146thGeneral Assembly of the Bureau of International Exhibition (BIE).     With less than six months ahead of the 2010 Shanghai Expo, all preparation on construction and operation are underway smoothly as scheduled, said Yang Xiong, the deputy director of the executive committee for Shanghai Expo and vice mayor of Shanghai.     Transportation infrastructures inside and outside the Expo site will basically finished by the year end and put into use by the end of next March. Supporting public utilities such as medical treatment, drinking water and communication are also steadily in progress, the report said.     Five permanent structures, namely China Pavilion, Performance Center, Expo Center Theme Pavilion and Expo Boulevard will be completed by the year ends. Twenty-six out of the 42 self-built pavilions of foreign participants have completed their structure and 37 out of 42 rented pavilions were accomplished. All the 11 joint pavilions have been completed by now.     By Dec. 1, over 3,400 rooms in apartments in the Expo Village and service apartments in the surrounding areas will be put into service, and the number will reach 6,700 at the end of the year and 7,100 by the end of next March, the report said.     "As major parts of the construction work has finished, we have shifted our focus to operation, such as service, exhibits arrangement and further design and organization of events and forums," Yang told Xinhua.     During the grand cultural events, about 20,000 sessions of various performances will be staged. To date, 200 countries and international organizations have submitted application for National Day and Honor Day events, totaling 633 performances.     The Expo is not only a carnival for China, but also a showcase for worldwide extraordinary culture and innovations. "The success of World Expo 2010 is bound to help rebuild the global confidence in economic development, and further promote international exchange and cooperation," said Wang Jinzhen, chief delegate of China to the BIE.     To provide better service for foreign participants, four management departments has formed with professionals and experts to be deployed in different zones to improve on-spot service.     Additionally, during the Expo, about 200,000 volunteers selected from current 500,000 applications will offer services in the sites, on city streets, at airports and docks for visitors from across the world.     Chinese delegation issued invitation to friends all over the world at the assembly.     "I think their preparations (for the Shanghai Expo) are progressing very very well," Secretary General of the BIE Vicente Loscertales told Xinhua. "The thing we have to do is to finish the preparation on time and open our doors on May 1 to the whole world, in which I have total and utter confidence."

BRISBANE, Australia, Oct. 31 (Xinhua) -- Chinese Vice Premier Li Keqiang said here Saturday that China and Australia can lift their bilateral relationship to a new level through a strengthened dialogue and increased cooperation between the two trading partners.     Li spoke during a meeting with Anna Bligh, the premier of Australia's state of Queensland.     The vice premier said that during his visit to Australia a consensus was reached to enhance the Chinese-Australian friendship, to deepen mutual beneficial cooperation, and to respect and care for each other's core interests and important concerns.     He also said the two sides released a joint declaration and signed a number of cooperation agreements. Chinese Vice Premier Li Keqiang (R) meets with Premier of Australia's State of Queensland Anna Bligh in Brisbane Oct. 31, 2009    Meanwhile, China has attached great importance to friendly cooperation with the state of Queensland, said Li, adding that exchanges and cooperation between the two sides have developed rapidly in recent years.     China, Li said, is willing to work with Queensland to push bilateral exchanges and cooperation to a higher level in a variety of sectors, including investments, agriculture, mining, clean energy, environmental protection and technology.     Meanwhile, Bligh said Queensland has established a long-term and fruitful relationship with China and noted that this year marks the 20th anniversary of the establishment of the state's sister-city relations with China's Shanghai City.     All circles in Queensland support development of the Australia-China friendly and cooperative relationship, Bligh said.     Queensland, she said, stands ready to promote cooperation with China in such fields as trade, technology, education, science and research, culture and tourism.     Bligh also said she will head a state delegation that will attend the Shanghai Expo in 2010 and expects the event to be a great success.

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BEIJING, Nov. 18 (Xinhua) -- Nov. 15 to 18 are three usually unremarkable days on the calendar but this year they attracted worldwide attention as U.S. President Barack Obama paid his first state visit to China. Obama arrived in China at the invitation of Chinese President Hu Jintao with the international focus on how the two countries would address a raft of global issues. When he left, analysts saw a new direction for developing the China-U.S. relationship, which had major significance, and believed the summit had rendered bilateral relations stronger.     Hu and Obama reiterated in the China-U.S. Joint Statement that both sides were committed to building a "positive, cooperative and comprehensive relationship in the 21st century" and promised to take concrete action to build a partnership to jointly cope with common challenges. Chinese President Hu Jintao shakes hands with visiting U.S. President Barack Obama after they meet the press at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing on Nov. 17, 2009. 　　A NEW GOAL, ATTRACTIVE WORDING     In the press conference at the Great Hall of People, Hu said he and Obama were positive about the development of the China-U.S. relationship since the inauguration of the new U.S. administration11 months ago, and they agreed to strengthen dialogue, communication and cooperation from a strategic and far-sighted perspective, and to make joint efforts to build a positive, cooperative and comprehensive China-U.S. relationship to promote world peace, stability and prosperity.     Obama said the partnership with China had helped his country to fight the most serious financial crisis seen in generations.     He added that the China-U.S. relationship had never been more important to the common future of the two countries. Challenges like climate change, nuclear proliferation, or economic recovery could never be met with a single hand.     "That's why the United States welcomes China's efforts in playing a greater role on the world stage, a role in which a growing economy is joined by growing responsibilities."     Jin Canrong, deputy dean of the International Studies School at China's Renmin University, told Xinhua the new goal for the China-U.S. relationship was to build a partnership to jointly cope with common challenges that was quite positive and significant.     Fu Mengzi, director of the Institute of American Studies under the China Institute of Contemporary International Relations, told Xinhua the partnership to combat common challenges had positive and new meanings.     David Shambaugh, a George Washington University professor and senior fellow at the Brookings Institution, said the outcome of the summit "reflects the 30 years of hard work in building the relationship, as well as the growing strategic trust between the two sides."     He said both sides were actively committed to develop a "positive, cooperative and comprehensive relationship in the 21st century," and a joint statement issued after the meeting between the two presidents may help take China-U.S. relations into a "totally new and positive era."     FACING GLOBAL CHALLENGES TOGETHER     As one of the topics of the meeting between Hu and Obama, facing global challenges together has obtained great attention.     Fu said the challenges not only included those related to both parties, but also those concerned with global interests.     The China-U.S. Joint Statement stressed that, with global challenges increasing, the interdependence of all countries in the world had deepened and their need for peace, development and cooperation had increased.     On numerous critical issues concerned with global stability and prosperity, China and the United States have a broader basis for cooperation and shoulder more important common responsibilities.     The two countries should further enhance coordination and cooperation, jointly cope with common challenges and make efforts to promote peace, security and prosperity in the world.     Jin said focusing on global issues during the meeting demonstrated the global characteristic of China-U.S. relationship that had gone far beyond bilateral ties. Both parties were seeking more areas for cooperation, he said.     Shambaugh told Xinhua the joint statement released on Nov. 17 was an extremely positive document -- filled with countless examples of tangible Sino-American cooperation on a large range of bilateral, regional, and global issues.     Mainichi Shimbun, a major daily in Japan, reported that both parties agreed on deepening China-U.S. relations in a new era, which symbolized the bilateral ties had entered a new phase of development.     Obama said at the press conference that the United States welcomed China as a "strong, prosperous and successful member of the community of nations." This gave the impression that both countries had entered a new era of cooperation on global issues, the newspaper said.     Japan's Kyodo News reported that the Chinese and U.S. presidents agreed to cooperate on a plethora of critical issues, including climate change and nuclear non-proliferation.     Differences on issues such as human rights and trade imbalances were not obvious, which demonstrated that both sides had put intensifying bilateral ties as a priority, the news agency said. 　　CONSOLIDATING FOUNDATION FOR FUTURE DEVELOPMENT     During his talks with Obama, President Hu made five proposals on further advancing China-U.S. relations, of which the top priority was that the two countries should continue to increase strategic mutual trust.     Trust and cooperation is the only way to deal with country-to-country relations in the new era, Hu said, proposing that both sides view the world and each other and their relations from a new perspective.     The two leaders also believed that to nurture and deepen bilateral strategic trust was essential to China-U.S. relations in the new era. As Chinese Vice Foreign Minister He Yafei said, the respect for each other's core interests is the "key" to their relations.     Fu told Xinhua China-U.S. relations had been closely connected with a solid foundation based on common interests.     "There's no reason for the two countries to stray away from the status quo," Fu said, adding that a new China-U.S. joint statement issued following the summit stressed the will to enhance strategic mutual trust.     French newspaper Le Figaro said China's Hu welcomed a long-term strategic relationship and Obama highlighted the great importance of the bilateral relations for the future development of both countries.     Observers said Obama's visit to China could demonstrate an upgraded foundation for bilateral relations.     This was echoed by Shambaugh, who said the meeting between the two leaders was warm and sincere, showing an increasing strategic trust between China and the United States.     Agreements between the two countries would bring more peace and stability to the Asia Pacific region as well as the rest of the world, he added.

BEIJING, Oct. 25 (Xinhua) -- Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao played a major role in ensuring the success of the meetings related to the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) by putting forward proposals to tackle the financial crisis and enhance regional cooperation, Chinese Foreign Minister Yang Jiechi said Sunday. Wen returned to Beijing Sunday evening after attending the meetings, including the 12th summit between the ASEAN and China (10+1), the 12th summit between the ASEAN and China, Japan and the Republic of Korea (10+3), the fourth East Asia Summit, in Hua Hin of Thailand from Oct. 23 to Oct. 25. Yang noted that Premier Wen put forward a number of proposals and measures, which both tackle the immediate urgent tasks and issues of common concern and take into account long-term strategic planning. These proposals fully indicated China's goodwill, sincerity, and its confidence and willingness for cooperation. Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao attends the 4th East Asia Summit (EAS) in the southern Thai resort town of Hua Hin, Oct. 25, 2009. The 4th East Asia Summit (EAS) opened here on Sunday, where ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) leaders and their counterparts from China, Japan, South Korea, India, Australia, and New Zealand met to discuss regional cooperation topics.PROMOTING CHINA-ASEAN COOPERATION China, a firm advocate for regional cooperation, has launched a series of initiatives to strengthen cooperation with the ASEAN, especially following the global financial crisis, said Yang. Wen announced in April that the Chinese government would set up a 10-billion-U.S. dollar "China-ASEAN Fund on Investment Cooperation" to support infrastructure development in the region. Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao (6th L) poses for a group photo with leaders from the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) member states in Hua Hin, Thailand, on Oct. 24, 2009. The 12th ASEAN-China Summit was held here on Saturday. China also plans to offer a credit of 15 billion dollars to ASEAN countries and 270 million yuan (39.5 million dollars) in special aid to less-developed ASEAN countries. During the meetings in Thailand, Wen said the China-ASEAN fund will be available by the end of this year as the fundraising of 1 billion dollars for the first phase is almost completed, said Yang. These and other policy measures will provide timely assistance for ASEAN countries, which were hit hard by the current global financial crisis, added Yang. Meanwhile, the China-ASEAN Free Trade Area would be put in place by 2010 as planned, said Yang. Wen urged the two sides to make the most of it and promote exchanges and cooperation in various sectors between the two sides. For this end, China will host a China-ASEAN Free Trade Area forum next year, set up a portal website with the ASEAN nations, establish economic cooperation zones in the ASEAN nations and remove technical trade barriers, Yang noted. The Chinese premier also raised proposals on enhancing cooperation in various sectors, including infrastructure construction, agriculture, environment protection, new and renewable energies, prevention and control of A/H1N1 influenza as well as promoting social and cultural exchanges, said Yang. The leaders attending the meetings expressed high appreciation of China's commitment to good-neighborly and friendly policies and cooperation with ASEAN countries. They noted that China, taking practical actions to help ASEAN countries overcome difficulties and meet challenges, has served as a major force in maintaining financial and economic stability in the region, and promoting peace and development, said Yang. Therefore, many ASEAN countries expressed willingness to further cooperation with China, he said.

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BEIJING, Nov. 17 (Xinhua) -- China and the United States underlined that each country and its people have the right to choose their own path, and agreed to hold the next round of human rights dialogue in Washington by the end of February 2010, said the China-U.S. joint statement issued Tuesday.     According to the statement, the Chinese and U.S. sides agreed that all countries should respect each other's choice of a development model.     "Both sides recognized that China and the United States have differences on the issue of human rights," said the statement, "Addressing these differences in the spirit of equality and mutual respect, as well as promoting and protecting human rights consistent with international human rights instruments, the two sides agreed to hold the next round of the official human rights dialogue in Washington D.C. by the end of February 2010."     The two sides agreed that promoting cooperation in the field of law and exchanges on the rule of law serves the interests and needs of the citizens and governments of both countries, and decided to convene the China-U.S. Legal Experts Dialogue at an early date.

BEIJING, Dec. 27 (Xinhua) -- Premier Wen Jiabao Sunday urged the Chinese people remain aware of possible hardships and crises in the upcoming year and to work hard for a more promising future.     Wen told Xinhua in an exclusive interview that the way ahead for the Chinese people would be "a bumpy road," but the nation had made transparent achievements in tackling the global economic downturn.     "The Chinese people have gone through so many disasters. And one eminent tradition of our nationality is to be independent and indomitable without fear," he said. Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao smiles during an exclusive interview with Xinhua News Agency at Ziguangge building inside Zhongnanhai, an office compound of the Chinese central authorities at the heart of Beijing, capital of China, Dec. 27, 2009    Wen said perseverance would lead to success and hoped all Chinese would make persistent efforts under the leadership of the Community Party of China and the central government.     "China has a great deal of hope in its future," he said when asked to give his New Year message to all Chinese.