藏文文本分类器的设计与实现

tjldxdkjyxgs 2024-03-29 12:51:14

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BEIJING, March 20 (Xinhua) -- China and Japan should strengthen cooperation to deal with the financial crisis, said Chinese top legislator Wu Bangguo on Friday.     "China is willing to work with Japan to properly handle sensitive issues in bilateral relations and consolidate our political foundations," said Wu, chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress.     In a meeting with Japanese Defense Minister Hamada Yasukazu, Wu said China-Japan relations were improving and cooperation in various fields have expanded. Wu Bangguo (R), chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, China's top legislature, meets with Japanese Defense Minister Yasukazu Hamada at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing, capital of China, on March 20, 2009    Stressing the importance of China and Japan in the Asia-Pacific region, Wu said developing relations conformed to the fundamental interests of both countries and was conducive to world peace, stability and development.     He hoped China and Japan would expand defense and other cooperation to push forward long-term, healthy and stable relations.     Hamada Yasukazu said Japan would like to enhance strategic and mutually reciprocal relations with China.

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HONG KONG, April 12 (Xinhua) -- About 400 enterprises in the Chinese mainland had been selected to participate in the Renminbi cross-border trade settlement pilot program, Under Secretary for Financial Services and the Treasury of Hong Kong Julia Leung said here Saturday.     Speaking on a radio talk show here Saturday, Leung said enterprises in Hong Kong would soon be able to settle trades in Renminbi through the banks with the selected companies in the Chinese mainland.     Noting the program can reduce the risks and cost arising from fluctuations in exchange rates, she said Hong Kong banks could expand extensively their Renminbi services from individual clients to enterprises.     When asked whether the scheme includes trade financing, Leung said authorities in the Chinese mainland would announce the details soon.     "The Monetary Authority has made full preparation for the program including conducting tests on the Renminbi clearing system," Leung noted, adding that "the system can start operation once the Chinese mainland comes up with the operational details."     When asked whether the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR) government would change Hong Kong's linked exchange rate with the U.S. dollar, the under secretary said the system had been working effectively and the HKSAR government had no plan to change it.

BEIJING, Feb. 18 (Xinhua) -- President Hu Jintao's five-nation "journey of friendship and cooperation" was very successful, Foreign Minister Yang Jiechi said on Wednesday.     The tour, which started on Feb. 10 and ended on Feb. 17, took President Hu to Saudi Arabia, Mali, Senegal, Tanzania and Mauritius. Hu's visit to the five countries in the first month of the Chinese lunar new year was very successful as it fulfilled its goals -- consolidating friendship between China and these countries, boosting cooperation and reinforcing their will to tackle the joint challenges for common development, Yang said. Visiting Chinese President Hu Jintao addresses a welcoming rally attended by people from various sectors in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, Feb. 16, 2009    It was also of important significance to further advance the friendly ties between China and Saudi Arabia as well as between China and Africa and to enhance China's solidarity and cooperation with developing countries to stand hand-in-hand in the face of challenges, he said.     The visit, a significant diplomatic move taken by China to boost its ties with developing nations, was made at a time when international political and economic situations are undergoing profound change, and while the international financial crisis continues to spread, imposing a negative influence on developing countries, Yang said. Visiting Chinese President Hu Jintao (L) meets with Mauritian President Anerood Jugnauth in Port Louis, Mauritius, Feb. 17, 2009.During the eight days, the Chinese president attended more than 50 events in the nations visited. He held talks with leaders in these countries on cooperation and joint development, as well as had extensive contacts with people from various sectors with brotherly interactions and friendship, Yang said.     He said the media in these countries and in the rest of the world paid close attention to Hu's tour and gave it abundant coverage with a positive and objective tone.     Noting that the tour consolidated and deepened the friendly cooperation between China and countries in Africa and Asia, Yang said it also boosted the friendship between the Chinese people and their counterparts in developing countries. The achievements included:     First, a new consensus was reached on jointly dealing with the challenge of the international financial crisis.     President Hu made the visit at a time when the impacts of the international financial crisis are gradually expanding, Yang said, adding that such impacts have spread from developed countries to emerging markets and developing nations, and affecting the real economy, posing increasing challenges to developing nations including China, Saudi Arabia and those in Africa. Visiting Chinese President Hu Jintao (L) talks with Saudi Arabian King Abdullah bin Abdul-Aziz during their meeting in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Feb. 10, 2009Hu expounded on China's view and position on how to tackle the crisis, stressing the need for the international community to be concerned about and try to minimize the suffering of the developing world, especially the least developed countries in the crisis, and expressed China's will to strengthen cooperation and coordinate actions with the international community, Yang said.     Hu extended support for increasing the role and voice of developing countries in reforming the global financial system and called on the international community to provide tangible assistance to help developing countries, especially the African ones, to overcome the difficulties.     The Chinese president pledged that China would fulfill policies and measures adopted at the Beijing Summit of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation, continue to increase assistance and offer debt relief to African countries within its capability, expand trade and investment toward the continent, and promote China-Africa pragmatic cooperation.     Hu emphasized that the harder the situation is, the more China and Africa should support and cooperate with each other to get through the difficulties.     Leaders of the host countries highly appreciated and warmly welcomed China's position, regarding it as conducive to strengthening coordination and cooperation among developing countries and building up confidence in jointly addressing the international crisis. Chinese President Hu Jintao (L) meets with Malian President Amadou Toumany Toure in Bamako, Mali, on Feb. 12, 2009. Second, China's ties with Asia and Africa were pushed to a new stage.     Yang said the five nations and China enjoyed a solid political groundwork to further promote bilateral relations.     During his trip, leaders of the five countries and Hu held discussions and reached broad common ground on such significant issues as how to boost friendly cooperation, implement measures announced at the Beijing Summit of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation in 2006, and forge a new type of strategic partnership with Africa, Yang said.     In Saudi Arabia, Hu proposed guiding principles and measures to boost the China-Saudi strategic friendship, promote all-round pragmatic cooperation, as well as deepen cooperation between China and the Gulf Cooperation Council.     In the four African countries, Hu met their leaders on the further development of friendship and cooperation. Visiting Chinese President Hu Jintao (L) meets with his Senegalese counterpart Abdoulaye Wade in Dakar, capital of Senegal, Feb. 13, 2009They exchanged in-depth views on the current situation in the Middle East and Africa as well as other international and regional issues, and agreed to boost bilateral ties and push forward friendly cooperation to a new stage.     The president said as a developing country, China was ready to have closer cooperation and collaboration with the five nations, jointly maintain the interests and rights of the developing countries, and join hands with them to promote the South-South cooperation and North-South dialogue.     Third, to promote mutual benefit and win-win cooperation     Yang said Hu's tour to the five developing countries further deepened cooperation in various fields with them.     During the visit, China signed more than 20 cooperation agreements with the five nations in the fields of economy and trade, investment, energy and quality control, health, culture and infrastructure construction to further extend the depth and width of pragmatic cooperation.     During his visit to the African countries, President Hu said China would strengthen cooperation with them in agriculture, textile and infrastructure construction on the basis of mutual benefits, and a win-win principle.     Hu visited some China-aided projects, as part of follow-up actions to the Beijing Summit of the China-Africa Cooperation Forum. Visiting Chinese President Hu Jintao (L) meets with his Tanzanian counterpart Jakaya Mrisho Kikwete in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, Feb. 15, 2009Such projects will help improve the general living standards of the local people.     In Saudi Arabia, Hu visited a cement production line in the capital of Riyadh, and the King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology. In Mali, Hu inaugurated a China-aided bridge construction project in the capital of Bamako and attended the inauguration of the China-Mali anti-malaria center.     Hu also attended the completion ceremony of Tanzania's state stadium and the Chinese culture center in Mauritius. He put forward new measures to enhance China-Africa cooperation, such as offering more chances for personnel training and scholarships to the four countries.     Yang said that China had developed comprehensive friendly relations with the four countries and provided unselfish assistance.     During Hu's visit, China reached consensus with the four African countries on enhancing bilateral trade and deepening pragmatic cooperation, which fully demonstrates the China-Africa cooperation has great potential and broad prospects based on equality, mutual benefits and a win-win principle for all.     Fourth, to create fresh highlights of friendly exchanges with local people.     President Hu received an abundance of warm greetings from the local people, an indication that Sino-Saudi and the Sino-African friendships were deeply rooted in the hearts of the people, Yang said.     At airports, meeting venues, stadiums, construction sites, hospitals and even classrooms, Hu talked with the local people from various walks of life in a gentle and friendly manner.     Despite a tight schedule, Hu managed to meet with the media in all the countries he visited and, on behalf of the Chinese people, extended good wishes and friendship to the local people.     In the Malian capital of Bamako, tens of thousands of local people, from the outskirts all the way to Hu's downtown hotel, waved the national flags of both countries and chanted "Thank you, China," and "Long-live China-Mali Friendship" in a voluntary yet grand gesture of welcome for Hu.     During the completion ceremony of Tanzania's state stadium, a Chinese assistance project, more than a hundred teenagers performed Chinese martial arts and acrobatics, and sang popular Chinese folk songs such as "Na Ni Wan" which is about a great production campaign near Yan'an during the revolutionary 1940s.     Hu also showed his concern for Chinese aid workers in Africa. He met with a Chinese medical team in Mali and encouraged them to make further efforts to help their Malian counterparts to develop the country's medical and health industry.     In Tanzania, Hu paid tribute to a cemetery for Chinese experts who had worked and died in the country in honor of pursuing China-Africa friendship.

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BEIJING, April 15 (Xinhua) -- Foreign direct investment (FDI) in China posted a 20.6 percent year-on-year decline in the first quarter to 21.78 billion U.S. dollars, the Ministry of Commerce announced Wednesday.     In March, FDI was 8.4 billion U.S. dollars, the biggest amount since October 2008 which was 8.35 billion U.S. dollars. However, the March figure was down 9.5 percent from a year earlier, ministry spokesman Yao Jian said at a news conference.     March was the sixth consecutive month that FDI fell. The good news is that the decline eased from the 15.81 percent drop in February and a 32.67 percent drop in January.     Zhang Hanya, an economist with the National Development and Reform Commission said a reduced decline indicated overseas investors growing confidence in the country's economic recovery.     Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao said Saturday that the Chinese economy showed signs of positive improvement in the first quarter as a result of the economic stimulus package adopted by China.     Yao added stable investment inflows were important for the country to stabilize exports, enhance employment and boost consumption as the government tries to make China more attractive to investors.     The ministry said in March it was shifting authority for approving certain foreign investments to provincial governments.

BEIJING, Feb. 4 (Xinhua) -- The Office of State Flood Control and Drought Relief Headquarters launched an orange alert on Wednesday, urging local authority to be fully aware of the grim situation and give drought-relief work top priority.     The unprecedented drought which started last November, has affected 146 million mu (9.73 million hectares) of crops nationwide by February 4, among which 42.19 million mu are severely affected, according to the latest figure released by the headquarter office.     About 139 million of wheat land in the eight wheat-producing provinces were threatened, comprising 46 percent of the total wheat croplands in the areas. People irrigate the wheat field at Xindian Village in Luoyang, a city in central China's Henan Province, Jan. 4, 2009. Drought has hit most of Henan Province, one of China's key wheat producing regions, due to lack of rainfall since last October.Some 3.98 million people and 1.95 million livestock are short of drinking water.     The headquarter office asked local governments to be accountable for relief work and make every effort to expand irrigation areas.     The local authority should enact integrated plans on water distribution to minimize the risk of the drought, according to an emergency notice by the headquarter office.     Four more working teams were sent to the drought-hit areas on Monday to supervise the relief work.     The Ministry of Finance is expected to arrange more funds, after the previous 100 million yuan (14.6 million U.S. dollars) to support the relief effort.

BEIJING, March 5 (Xinhua) -- Chinese leaders joined deputies to the National People's Congress (NPC), the country's top legislature, in deliberating the government work report by Premier Wen Jiabao Thursday, calling for concerted efforts to overcome difficulties and achieve fresh development.     When joining NPC deputies from the eastern Jiangsu Province, President Hu Jintao urged them to have a clear mind of the current domestic and international situation, saying "challenges before us are really severe, but opportunities still exist". Chinese President Hu Jintao (front R), meets with deputies to the Second Session of the 11th National People's Congress (NPC) from east China's Jiangsu Province, in Beijing, capital of China, March 5, 2009. Hu Jintao joined in the panel discussion of Jiangsu delegation on the opening day of the Second Session of the 11th NPC. It is a must to seize the opportunities, brave the challenges and do our utmost to minimize the impact of the international financial crisis, Hu said.     "(We) must break new ground by tackling challenges and achieve fresh development by overcoming difficulties," he added.     He called for more efforts to improve the well-being of the people especially when there are difficulties in the way of economic development. This included increasing job opportunities, expanding the social security net and providing better education and medical care services.     The president urged officials at all levels to oppose waste and extravagance and make good use of money to promote economic and social development and improve people's lives.     He asked officials to "study earnestly, behave honestly and work with integrity." Wu Bangguo (front R), member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee and also chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (NPC), shakes hands with a deputy to the Second Session of the 11th NPC from east China's Anhui Province, in Beijing, capital of China, March 5, 2009. Wu Bangguo joined in the panel discussion of Anhui delegation on the opening day of the Second Session of the 11th NPC.While deliberating the report with lawmakers from Anhui Province, top legislator Wu Bangguo said priority should given to maintaining steady and relatively rapid economic growth, accelerating economic restructuring and improving people's well-being.     Top political advisor Jia Qinglin echoed Wu's view while discussing with deputies from Beijing. Jia Qinglin (R), member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee and also chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), meets with deputies from Beijing to the Second Session of the 11th National People's Congress (NPC) in Beijing, capital of China, March 5, 2009. Jia Qinglin joined in the panel discussion of Beijing delegation on the opening day of the Second Session of the 11th NPCJia, chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, told said that as the national capital, Beijing has gained precious experience from hosting the Beijing Olympics and Paralympics.     Based on the experience, he hoped the people in Beijing could succeed in creating a good atmosphere for celebrations of the 60thanniversary of New China which falls on Oct. 1. Li Changchun (front R), member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee, shakes hands with a deputy to the Second Session of the 11th National People's Congress (NPC) from southwest China's Sichuan Province, in Beijing, capital of China, March 5, 2009. Li Changchun joined in the panel discussion of Sichuan delegation on the opening day of the Second Session of the 11th NPCLi Changchun, member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China Central Committee, said the Scientific Outlook on Development should be embodied in cultural building to better serve the people's cultural needs and promote economic and social progress.     While attending a group discussion with lawmakers from Sichuan Province, Li also praised the province for its reconstruction efforts after the May 12 earthquake last year. Chinese Vice President Xi Jinping (front R), who is also a member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee, shakes hands with a deputy to the Second Session of the 11th National People's Congress (NPC) from east China's Shanghai Municipality, in Beijing, capital of China, March 5, 2009. Xi Jinping joined in the panel discussion of Shanghai delegation on the opening day of the Second Session of the 11th NPC. Vice President Xi Jinping joined deputies from Shanghai in their discussion and praised the people of Shanghai in their preparations for hosting the World Expo due to open in 2010.     He called on Shanghai officials to do everything possible to improve people's lives, properly handle issues concerning the interests of the people and maintain social stability.

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DAKAR, Feb. 13 (Xinhua) -- Visiting Chinese President Hu Jintao held talks with his Senegalese counterpart Abdoulaye Wade in Dakar on Friday to discuss promotion of friendly and cooperative ties between China and the West African nation.     Hu said the bilateral relations have made progress in various fields since the resumption of diplomatic ties in 2005, and facts have proved that the China-Senegal friendship is in the fundamental interests of both nations and will have a promising future.     To cement bilateral cooperation and seek more tangible benefits for the two peoples, Hu proposed both nations keep exchange of high-level visits and deepen political trust, and increase communications and cooperation between the two governments, legislatures, ruling parties and local authorities so as to lay a solid political foundation for bilateral ties.     On the economic front, Hu suggested establishing a bilateral economic and trade steering committee to plan and monitor trade cooperation.     China would like to facilitate Senegalese corporations' efforts to do business in and expand their exports to China, and the Chinese government will encourage Chinese businesses and the China-Africa Development Fund to cooperate with Senegalese businesses, Hu said. Visiting Chinese President Hu Jintao (L) meets with his Senegalese counterpart Abdoulaye Wade in Dakar, capital of Senegal, Feb. 13, 2009    Hu called on non-governmental organizations in both nations to increase exchanges, seek multiple forms of cooperation and enhance mutual understanding.     On international issues, Hu said China values the positive role that Senegal has played in African and international issues, and would like to step up consultation and coordination with Senegal in the United Nations, the World Trade Organization and other organizations, in a bid to safeguard the legitimate rights of developing countries and to promote South-South cooperation and South-North dialogue.     Hu said China will keep its promise made at the Beijing Summit of the China-Africa Cooperation Forum in November 2006 and will not reduce its aid to Africa as a result of China's efforts to address the global financial crisis.     China will urge the international community to pay attention to the difficulties the crisis has brought to Africa and to increase Africa's representation and voice in reforms of the international financial system, Hu said, adding that China would like to further communicate and coordinate with Senegal and other African countries to tide over the crisis.     Wade said he was satisfied with the bilateral cooperation since the resumption of diplomatic ties as China has fully honored its commitments and China-aided programs have been going on smoothly.     He appreciated China's generous support for Senegal in the sectors of infrastructure, agriculture, culture, education and public health.     After the talks, the two presidents witnessed the signing of a number of cooperation deals.     Senegal was the third leg of Hu's five-nation tour. The first-ever visit by a Chinese president was warmly welcomed by local people, with the streets from the airport to downtown Dakar being lined up with Chinese and Senegalese flags and welcoming crowds.

NEW YORK, March 9 (Xinhua) -- China Green Agriculture Inc., the first Chinese company listed on the new New York Stock Exchange Amex market, opened for trading on Monday.     Green Agriculture, which produces and distributes humic acid based liquid compound fertilizer, is also the first Chinese company to list on NYSE Euronext markets in 2009.     "Today is an exciting milestone in the company's continued growth," said Tao Li, chief executive officer of China Green Agriculture.     "Since becoming a public company last year, we have devoted a great deal of resources to improving our corporate governance and level of oversight in order to meet the requirements of a more senior exchange," he added.     So far, NYSE Euronext has 66 companies listed from Greater China, including 56 companies from mainland China listed on the NYSE Euronext, 5 from Hong Kong on NYSE Euronext Markets, and 5 Taiwanese companies on NYSE Euronext Markets.     The total global market capitalization of NYSE Euronext-listed companies from the mainland China is 1.1 trillion U.S. dollars, and 1.2 trillion for all companies from Greater China.

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BEIJING, Feb. 23 (Xinhua) -- Chinese Vice President Xi Jinping's just-concluded Latin American and European tour has strengthened bilateral ties, broadened consensus and boosted cooperation with these countries, a senior Chinese official said Monday.     Xi's two-week trip to Mexico, Jamaica, Colombia, Venezuela, Brazil and Malta, as well as Fiji, where he made a transit stop, was pragmatic and fruitful, said Chinese Vice Foreign Minister Li Jinzhang.     SIGNIFICANT VISIT WITH FAR-REACHING IMPACT     Xi's visit to Latin America was a major Chinese diplomatic move since President Hu Jintao's trip to the region last year, said Li.     Last November, Hu traveled to Latin America for a visit that produced a broad consensus on forming a partnership of all-round cooperation with the region on the basis of equality, mutual benefit and common development. Earlier, China issued its first policy paper on Latin America and the Caribbean.     During his visit to the five Latin American nations, Xi further clarified China's policies on Latin America and stressed that China is ready to join hands with Latin American nations to further enhance cooperation and elevate China-Latin America relations to a new high, Li said.     In a speech at a seminar attended by Chinese and Venezuelan entrepreneurs, Xi raised a five-point proposal on strengthening the all-round cooperation for common development between China and Latin American nations amid the current global economic landscape.     Li described Xi's visit to Latin America as a follow-up action to push forward China's relations with the region.     The Chinese vice president's visit came before the Group of 20 summit scheduled for April in London to address the ongoing global financial crisis, Li noted.     During the trip, Xi called for a long-term perspective in planning and confidence building and urged a combination of promoting bilateral cooperation and ensuring the steady and sustained growth of China's economy. As a result, the visit has yielded remarkable results and a far-reaching political impact, Linoted.     Xi's visit highlighted China's efforts to work with these countries to tackle the financial downturn and turn the crisis into an opportunity, Li said.     Xi's trip brought him to mostly developing countries. During his visit, Xi stressed the need for developing countries to work together in tiding over the financial crisis, he said.     Xi and leaders of these countries reached broad consensus on joint efforts to achieve the UN Millennium Development Goals, tackle the challenges and seek common development, he added.     During Xi's visit, the governments and enterprises from these countries voiced their willingness to cooperate with China and welcomed China to trade with and invest in their countries and join them in exploitation of energy and natural resources and infrastructure construction.   VISIT TO GET ACROSS CHINA'S POLICIES ON KEY ISSUES     Xi's visit spanned three continents and two oceans. In every stop, Xi explained China's positions on key issues such as the international situation, the financial crisis, the upcoming G20 summit in London, the Doha round of trade talks as well as UN reforms.     He had in-depth exchanges of views with leaders of the host countries on enhancing cooperation and jointly tiding over the economic difficulties.     Leaders of the seven countries spoke highly of China's role in stabilizing the global economic and financial situation and promoting world peace and development.     Mexican and Brazilian leaders expressed readiness to beef up cooperation with China in international organizations and multilateral mechanisms and work together for a more fair and rational new international order, deal with financial crisis and win a greater say for the developing countries.     Colombian and Jamaican leaders appreciated China's contributions to stabilizing the world economy, saying the steady and relatively fast growth of China's economy will help other countries overcome financial crisis at an early date.     Xi also reiterated China's stance on the Taiwan and Tibet issues. The host countries all reaffirmed their adherence to the one-China policy.     The Chinese vice president welcomed the countries to participate in the Shanghai World Expo in 2010 and was given favorable responses by all.   FRUITFUL VISIT PACKED WITH SUBSTANTIAL ACTIVITIES     During his tour, Xi attended nearly 80 meetings, seminars, and other activities and held talks with leaders of the seven countries, exchanging views with them on bilateral ties as well as major international and regional issues of common concern.     He also witnessed the signing of over 60 cooperation documents in economy, finance, energy and mining, agriculture, infrastructure, high-tech and culture.     Xi held wide-ranging contacts with leaders of parliaments, political parties, regional leaders, and people from the media and academic communities.     Xi unveiled the first Confucius Institute in the Caribbean region, and broke ground for the Montego Bay Convention Center, a cooperation project by China and Jamaica.     Xi's visit uplifted China's relations with the seven countries, expanded their political mutual trust and strategic consensus, and deepened pragmatic cooperation, Li said.   BROAD PROSPECTS FOR FURTHER COOPERATION     Under the new consensus reached during Xi's visit, China and these countries will strengthen cooperation in trade, finance, energy and mining, agriculture, infrastructure construction, high-tech and culture.     The consensus laid a solid foundation for China and these countries to draw on each other's strength and achieve mutual benefit and win-win progress, Li said.     China and these countries are geographically far apart and have different social and cultural traditions, but their people have expressed an earnest wish to enhance friendship. Xi's visit served to push bilateral ties further forward, Li added.

BEIJING, March 14 (Xinhua) -- The following is the full text of the Report on the Work of the Government delivered by Premier Wen Jiabao at the Second Session of the Eleventh National People's Congress on March 5, 2009 and adopted on March 13, 2009:          REPORT ON THE WORK OF THE GOVERNMENT     Delivered at the Second Session of the Eleventh National People's Congress on March 5, 2009          Wen Jiabao     Premier of the State Council     Fellow Deputies,     On behalf of the State Council, I now present to you my report on the work of the government for your deliberation and approval. I also solicit comments and suggestions on the report from the members of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC).          I. Review of the Work in 2008     The year 2008 was truly eventful. Our country's economic and social development withstood severe challenges and tests that were rarely seen before. Under the leadership of the Communist Party of China (CPC), the people of all our ethnic groups faced difficulties squarely, worked with courage and determination, surmounted all difficulties and obstacles, and made new achievements in reform, opening up and socialist modernization.     - The national economy continued to maintain steady and rapid growth. GDP topped 30 trillion yuan, an increase of 9% over the previous year. Overall price rises were held in check. Government revenue was 6.13 trillion yuan, an increase of 19.5%. Grain output rose for the fifth consecutive year and totaled 528.5 million tons, a record high.     - Reform and opening up were further deepened. New breakthroughs were made in reforms in key areas and crucial links, such as the fiscal, taxation, financial and pricing systems and administration. Imports and exports totaled US$ 2.56 trillion, an increase of 17.8%. Paid-in foreign direct investment reached .4billion.     - Development of social programs was accelerated, and the living standards of the people continued to rise. A total of 11.13million more urban residents entered the workforce. Urban per capita annual disposable income reached 15,781 yuan, an increase of 8.4% in real terms, and rural per capita net income reached 4,761 yuan, up by 8% in real terms.     - Great victories were won in the fight against massive natural disasters. The Beijing Olympics and Paralympics were held successfully, and the Shenzhou VII manned space mission was a complete success.     These achievements signify that we have taken new and solid steps along the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics. They have greatly fortified the courage and strength of the people of all our ethnic groups to surmount difficulties and will definitely encourage us to bravely forge ahead on the new historical course.     Last year, we accomplished the following important work:     1. Making timely and resolute adjustments to macroeconomic policies and doing everything possible to maintain steady and rapid economic development     We maintained the right direction, focus, intensity and pace of macro control, and adopted a series of policies and measures to promote steady and rapid economic development. In a complex and volatile situation, we actively responded to the severe impact of the global financial crisis and worked hard to make our macro control more proactive, targeted and effective. In the middle of the year, when energy and grain prices on the international market were high, world economic growth slowed, and exports from and economic growth in China's coastal regions began to decline, we promptly shifted the priority of macro control to maintaining steady and rapid economic development and controlling price hikes, and adopted relevant fiscal, taxation and financial measures. In September, the international economic situation started to deteriorate sharply and its negative impact became increasingly felt in China. We again resolutely shifted the focus of macro control to preventing economic growth from slowing down too quickly. We implemented a proactive fiscal policy and a moderately easy monetary policy. We raised export rebate rates three times, lowered the benchmark interest rates on savings and loans for financial institutions on five occasions, reduced required reserve ratios four times, suspended the individual income tax on interest earnings from savings, reduced securities transaction stamp tax rates, cut taxes and fees on housing transactions, and increased credit support to small and medium-sized enterprises. In accordance with the requirement that we act fast, be forceful, take targeted measures and stress implementation, we promptly introduced ten measures to further boost domestic demand and promote economic growth, and implemented them without delay. We adopted a succession of policies and measures to encourage financial institutions to support economic development, promote sound development of the textile and other light industries and the real estate market, expand consumption by improving distribution, maintain steady growth in foreign trade, and keep the employment situation stable. At the same time, we stepped up efforts to formulate plans for restructuring and revitalizing key industries. Together, these measures have played a crucial role in alleviating serious problems affecting economic performance, enhancing confidence, stabilizing expectations and maintaining steady and rapid economic development.     We continued to strengthen our work related to agriculture, rural areas and farmers without any letup. Central government budgetary spending on agriculture, rural areas and farmers was 595.5 billion yuan for the whole year, a year-on-year increase of 163.7 billion yuan or 37.9%. This included 103 billion yuan, twice the figure for the previous year, in direct subsidies to grain producers, general subsidies for agricultural production supplies, and subsidies for superior crop varieties and the purchase of agricultural machinery and tools. We significantly raised minimum grain purchase prices three times, with the total increase exceeding 20%. We implemented a temporary policy for purchasing and stockpiling major agricultural products. We intensified the protection of arable land and the construction of agricultural water conservancy projects, and increased overall agricultural production capacity. We supported the production of hogs, oilseeds and dairy products. These policies and measures played an important role in maintaining and stimulating the enthusiasm of farmers, ensuring the supply of major farm products and increasing rural incomes, and provided strong support for maintaining overall stability in economic and social development.     We unswervingly promoted independent innovation and economic restructuring. We launched 16 major national science and technology projects, and established a number of new national engineering centers, key laboratories and enterprise technology centers in such fields as information technology, biotechnology and environmental protection. We successfully developed a number of key technologies and major equipment in the areas of regional aircraft, automobiles powered by new energy sources and high-speed railways. The central government invested 116.3 billion yuan in science and technology, an increase of 16.4%. Significant steps were taken in reorganization of the telecommunications and civil aviation industries. We continued to eliminate backward production facilities. Last year, we shut down small thermal power plants with a total capacity of 16.69 million kilowatts and closed 1,054 small coalmines. Investment in infrastructure and basic industries was increased, and a number of major projects in energy, transportation and water conservancy were completed or launched. Steady progress was made in implementing the master strategy for regional development, and economic development in different regions became better coordinated.     We steadfastly promoted energy conservation, emissions reduction and ecological and environmental protection. The central government allocated 42.3 billion yuan to support development of ten key energy conservation projects and environmental protection facilities. The daily sewage treatment capacity rose by an additional 11.49 million tons in urban areas, and desulfurization equipment was installed in coal-fired power plants with a total capacity of 97.12 million kilowatts. Energy consumption per unit of GDP fell by 4.59% from the previous year; chemical oxygen demand fell by 4.42%; and sulfur dioxide emissions fell by 5.95%. For the past three years combined, total energy consumption per unit of GDP dropped by 10.08%; chemical oxygen demand dropped by 6.61%; and sulfur dioxide emissions dropped by 8.95%. We built on the achievements in returning farmland to forests and restoring livestock pastures to grasslands, and carried out ecological conservation projects such as protecting virgin forests and developing the Sanjiangyuan Nature Reserve in Qinghai Province. We implemented the plan to prevent and control water pollution in major river valleys and regions and issued the white paper China's Policies and Actions for Addressing Climate Change.     2. Balancing economic and social development and strengthening all aspects of social development with the focus on improving people's lives     Efforts were intensified to increase employment and improve the social safety net. We improved our policy to stimulate and expand employment by encouraging business startups, and enforced the minimum wage system. The coverage of all social security schemes continued to expand, with 17.53 million more urban workers subscribing to basic old-age insurance, 20.28 million more subscribing to basic medical insurance, and the unemployment, workers' compensation and maternity insurance steadily expanding to cover more workers. Pensions of enterprise retirees rose by 110 yuan per month per person. We launched trials to reform the basic old-age insurance system for employees of government-affiliated institutions. We actively explored ways to establish a new system of old-age insurance for rural residents and made steady progress in making social security available to rural migrant workers in urban areas and farmers whose land has been expropriated. We comprehensively improved the system of cost of living allowances for both urban and rural residents, and provided allowances to 66.19 million residents. We raised living allowances for low-income groups and university students in a timely fashion. Preferential treatment enjoyed by key entitled groups was increased substantially. We intensified efforts to develop low-income housing and renovate shantytowns, thus alleviating some of the housing difficulties of the low-income population. An additional of more than 48 million rural people gained access to safe drinking water.     Further progress was made in promoting fair education for all. Free compulsory education became available to all students, urban or rural, throughout the country, and all rural students receiving compulsory education obtained free textbooks. The standards for repairing and renovating school buildings in the central and western regions were raised, and the government allocated 3.25 billion yuan to provide heating to rural primary and secondary schools in the north. Development of vocational education was accelerated. The national financial aid system for students was further improved. The central government spent 22.3 billion yuan and local governments increased funding as well to assist more than 20 million students. Grants of 1,500 yuan per student per annum were given to secondary vocational school students from rural areas or needy urban families, benefiting 90% of the current student population in these vocational schools.     Steady progress was made in reform and development of the pharmaceutical and health care system. A total of 814 million people, accounting for 91.5% of the rural population, now benefit from the new type of rural cooperative medical care system. The number of selected cities participating in trials of the basic medical insurance system for urban residents increased from 88 to 317, and the number of participating individuals increased by 73.59 million to 117 million. Significant progress was made in developing a system of community-based health services in urban areas. We continued to expand the coverage of the reward and assistance system for rural families complying with family planning regulations, and implemented the "lower birthrate equals faster prosperity" program in more places in the countryside.     We accelerated the development of culture and sports. Public cultural infrastructure facilities were improved, the cultural industries developed rapidly, and reform of the cultural management system was constantly deepened. We mobilized all resources and hosted a distinctive and high-level Beijing Olympicsand Paralympics, thus fulfilling the century-old dream of the Chinese nation, and Chinese athletes competed hard and brave and scored excellent achievements in the Games. This greatly aroused the patriotism of all our people and strengthened the cohesiveness of our nation.     We continued to strengthen democracy and the legal system. The system of local-level democracy was further improved. Significant progress was made in enhancing law-based government. Last year, the State Council submitted eight bills, including a draft of the Social Insurance Law and draft amendments to the Law on Protecting Against and Mitigating Earthquake Disasters, to the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress for deliberation. It also formulated or revised 30 administrative laws and regulations. The Regulations on Making Government Information Public was fully implemented. The public security system for crime prevention and control was strengthened. We battled against secessionist and terrorist activities, protected China's national security and maintained social stability. Our work related to ethnic minority, religious and overseas Chinese affairs further improved.     3. Vigorously advancing reform and opening up and injecting fresh vitality and impetus into economic and social development     Institutional restructuring of the State Council was basically completed and that of local governments is progressing steadily. Comprehensive rural reforms continued to deepen, and reform of collective forest rights was instituted throughout the country. SOE reform was deepened. The transformation of the Agricultural Bank of China and China Development Bank into joint stock companies proceeded smoothly. The new Law on Corporate Income Tax went into effect, and real estate taxes were unified for domestic and overseas-funded enterprises and Chinese and foreign individuals. After years of deliberation, reform in pricing, taxes and fees for refined petroleum products was smoothly introduced. Aplan for reform of the pharmaceutical and health care system was devised and referred to the general public for comments. These innovations in systems and mechanisms have laid a solid foundation for our long-term development.     The country opened wider to the outside world. We vigorously implemented the strategy of competing on quality and diversifying export markets. We increased efforts to establish innovation bases to invigorate trade through science and technology and bases for providing services outsourced from other countries. We supported the export of products with Chinese trademarks and intellectual property rights. We improved the policy system for the processing trade. We steadily opened service industries wider to the outside world and provided more guidance to orient foreign investment in China. We integrated existing funds and set up new ones designed to promote external economic and technological cooperation. We promulgated regulations on managing overseas contracted projects and rectified the system of administration of cooperative overseas labor services. We actively promoted energy and resources cooperation overseas, further expanded our assistances to other countries, and the pace of enterprises going global was accelerated. Further progress was made in the development of free trade zones, and in our economic dialogues with major trading partners and mutually beneficial cooperation with other developing countries.          Fellow Deputies,     A massive earthquake that shocked the world struck Wenchuan on May 12. Under the firm leadership of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, people of all ethnic groups in China, especially in the quake zone, worked as one and fought in unison against the earthquake disaster. The people's army rushed to the frontlines without thinking of their own safety. We launched an earthquake rescue and relief operation that accomplished its work faster, mobilized more personnel and committed more resources than ever before in China's history. We steadfastly gave top priority to saving people's lives. We pulled 84,000 survivors out of the rubble. We promptly repaired damaged infrastructure, and resolutely unblocked the Mount Tangjia quake lake to avert potential secondary disasters. We did our utmost to prevent an epidemic from occurring and ensured that there was no major outbreak of diseases after the deadly earthquake. The central government allocated 38.4 billion yuan for quake relief and 74 billion yuan for post-earthquake recovery and reconstruction. We promptly introduced a host of policies and measures to support the quake zone. We energetically organized one-to-one assistance to designated areas affected by the earthquake. People from all sectors of society in China made generous donations, both in cash and in kind; our compatriots in Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan as well as overseas Chinese contributed generously to the disaster relief campaign; and the international community provided us with earthquake rescue and relief assistance. All this combined to forma boundless source of strength for the Chinese people to overcome the disaster. This hard struggle against the earthquake produced uncountable touching and brave exploits and fully demonstrated the great indomitable and unyielding spirit of the Chinese people, thus writing a heroic chapter in the history of the nation.     None of the achievements we made last year came easily. They were the result of overall planning and correct leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Hu Jintao as General Secretary, as well as the concerted and strenuous efforts of the whole Party, the entire army and the people of all our ethnic groups. On behalf of the State Council, I hereby express our sincere gratitude to the people of all our ethnic groups and to the democratic parties, mass organizations and people from all sectors of society. I also express our sincere thanks to compatriots in the Hong Kong and Macao Special Administrative Regions and Taiwan and to overseas Chinese, as well as to foreign governments, international organizations and friends in other countries that take an interest in and support China's modernization drive.     While acknowledging our achievements, we must be clearly aware that we face unprecedented difficulties and challenges.     First, the global financial crisis continues to spread and get worse. Demand continues to shrink on international markets; the trend toward global deflation is obvious; and trade protectionism is resurging. The external economic environment has become more serious, and uncertainties have increased significantly.     Second, continuous drop in economic growth rate due to the impact of the global financial crisis has become a major problem affecting the overall situation. This has resulted in excess production capacity in some industries, caused some enterprises to experience operating difficulties and exerted severe pressure on employment. Factors leading to decline in government revenues and increase in government expenditures have increased. It has become more difficult to maintain steady agricultural development and keep rural incomes growing.     Third, institutional and structural problems that have long hindered healthy economic development still remain, and some of them are still prominent. Consumption demand is insufficient, and development of tertiary industries is sluggish. Our capacity for independent innovation is weak. Consumption of energy and other resources is high. Environmental pollution is serious. Disparities in development between urban and rural areas and between regions are widening.     Fourth, some problems affecting the vital interests of the people have not been fundamentally alleviated. There are still many problems demanding urgent solution in the areas of social security, education, health care, income distribution and public security.     Fifth, order in the market is not well standardized; market oversight and law enforcement are not fully in place, and the social credit rating system is still in need of improvement. A number of serious and major incidents concerning food and workplace safety have occurred, which have inflicted serious loss of life and property on the people and taught us a sobering lesson.     We need to thoroughly appreciate how serious and complex the international and domestic economic situations are, be more mindful of potential perils and crises, fully exploit favorable conditions and actively respond to all challenges so that we can successfully accomplish all our tasks and prove worthy of the great expectations and trust conferred on us by the people.

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