习作教学中教师的角色定位

月光族如何改变消费习惯

BEIJING, April 4 (Xinhua) -- The industrial production of China's chemical sector increased 2.4 percent year on year in the first two months, and the falling trend for major product's output was eased, according to data released by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT) on Friday.     The figure was calculated based on the comparable working days in the first two months, since China's Lunar New Year holiday fellin February last year, but in January this year.     Zhu Hongren, official with the MIIT said although the output expansion was marginal, the contracting trend for the production of major chemical products was eased.     Of the major 30 chemical products monitored by the ministry, 21saw output falling in the first two months, but the falling rate was tempered from that in December. In addition, three products saw output get back to growth.     To support the annual "Spring Plough" season, the output of major three chemical fertilizer rose 4.6 percent to 8.75 million tonnes through January to February.     The pesticide production grew 9.1 percent to 394,000 tonnes in the first two months, and that for February alone jumped 14.4 percent.     Zhu Hongren said despite of the easing contraction, it was too early to be optimistic, citing the chemical industry faced the most difficult condition comparing with other raw material producing sectors.     China's industrial output rose 5.2 percent year on year in the first two months, with the growth slowing from December, MIIT said last week.     The figure was 0.5 percentage point lower than in December, dragged down by plummeting exports and high inventories, according to MIIT.     Experts said the figure showed Chinese industry was still feeling the pinch of the global downturn.

LONDON, April 2 (Xinhua) -- Chinese President Hu Jintao on Thursday called on the international community to join hands to tide over the current global financial crisis at the second Group of 20 (G20) financial summit here.     As the financial crisis continues to spread and deepen and its impact on the world's real economy becomes increasingly evident, the international economic and financial situation remains complex and grave, Hu said. Chinese President Hu Jintao attends the Group of 20 summit in London, Britain, April 2, 2009.The Chinese president called on the international community to strengthen confidence to confront difficulties.     "We have the enabling conditions to tackle the financial crisis," Hu noted, saying that the world economy is "on a solid material and technological footing."     The world has far more macro regulatory tools than before and also the common will to enhance coordination and cooperation, he added.     "As long as we strengthen confidence and work together, we will tide over the difficulties and achieve our shared goals," said the Chinese president. Chinese President Hu Jintao (2nd R) talks with British Prime Minister Gorden Brown (R) as they prepare to pose for a family photo during the Group of 20 summit in London, Britain, April 2, 2009He then urged the international community to further intensify cooperation to fight the crisis as no country can stay immune from the crisis.     "The only right choice is for all of us to work together and deal with it," he said.     Hu described the G20 as an important and effective platform for concerted international efforts to counter the economic and financial crisis.     At the summit, the Chinese president also called for advancing reform of the international financial system, saying the world should work together to build "a fair, just, inclusive and well-managed international financial order."     Hu also stressed opposition to protectionism. "We should work together to oppose trade protectionism in all manifestations and reject attempts to raise the market access threshold under various excuses and all forms of investment protectionism that harm the interests of other countries," he said. The Doha round of global trade negotiations is crucial to global trade liberalization, he said.     In his speech at the summit which gathered leaders from major developed and developing nations, the Chinese president urged further support to developing countries in time of difficulty.     He called for minimizing the damage of the financial crisis on developing countries and urged the world community, developed nations in particular, to assume due responsibilities and obligations.     They should "continue to fulfill their commitments to debt reduction and aid, take concrete measures to maintain and increase assistance to developing countries, help them uphold financial stability and promote economic growth," Hu said.     Speaking of the impact of the crisis on China, Hu said the global financial turmoil has brought unprecedented difficulties and challenges to China.     In order to combat the crisis and maintain steady and relatively fast economic growth, China has made timely adjustment to its macroeconomic policies, swiftly adopted a proactive fiscal policy and a moderately easy monetary policy, and formulated a package plan to expand domestic demand and boost economic growth, Hu said.     "China will continue to work with the rest of the international community to enhance macroeconomic policy coordination, advance the reform of the international financial system, maintain the stability of the multilateral trading system and contribute its share to world economic recovery," Hu told other leaders attending the summit in London.     At the summit in London, leaders of the G20 reached consensus on how to save the world out of the financial crisis, including a pledge of 1.1 trillion U.S. dollars to revive the world economy, a joint call to fight protectionism, and concrete actions to tighten banking regulation.     Among the additional funds to be injected into international financial institutions, 500 billion dollars will go to the International Monetary Fund to support lending to countries hit hard by the crisis, 250 billion dollars will be used to support a new Special Drawing Rights (SDR), 100 billion dollars will support additional lending by the multilateral development banks, and 250 billion dollars will be devoted to guarantee trade finance.     The G20 leaders agreed on extending regulation and oversight to all systematically important financial institutions, instruments and markets, including systematically important hedge funds for the first time.     They also agreed on extending regulatory oversight and registration to credit rating agencies to ensure they meet the international code of good practice, particularly to prevent unacceptable conflicts of interest.     The leaders reiterated their opposition to trade protectionism and their readiness to boost global trade and investment.     They agreed another G20 summit will be held within this year.

BEIJING, April 16 (Xinhua) -- Chinese President Hu Jintao and his Kazakh counterpart Nursultan Nazarbayev held talks in Beijing Thursday afternoon.     The heads of states agreed to deepen bilateral cooperation in all fields and join hands to tackle the challenge of international financial crisis. After the talks, Hu and Nazarbayev signed a joint declaration and witnessed the signing of 10 agreements on cooperation in the fields of transport, education, agriculture and telecommunications. Chinese President Hu Jintao(R) shakes hands with Kazakhstan's President Nursultan Nazarbayev in Beijing, China, April 16, 2009.    President Hu said the strategic partnership between China and Kazakhstan had maintained a fast growth in recent years. The two countries have maintained frequent high-level contacts, political mutual trust, expansion of practical cooperation and good collaboration within the multilateral frameworks. Chinese President Hu Jintao(L) and Kazakhstan's President Nursultan Nazarbayev review honor guards at the welcoming ceremony in honor of Kazakhstan's President in Beijing, China, April 16, 2009. Hu expressed gratitude to Kazakhstan for supporting China on such major issues as Taiwan, Tibet and the holding of Beijing Olympics and Paralympics.     Nazarbayev said Kazakhstan values the development of friendly and cooperative relations with China. He said China has raised its status in the international community by successfully holding the Olympic Games and launching the Shenzhou-7 spacecraft.     He said the effective measures taken by the Chinese government to cope with the global financial crisis have benefited not only the Chinese economy, but also the world economic growth.     Hu said the Chinese government always gives priority to developing the strategic partnership with Kazakhstan. Hu suggested that the two countries should work on four areas.     Firstly, Hu said the two countries should continue to enhance high-level contact, improve cooperative mechanism and deepen political links. The leaders of the two countries should maintain close contact. The governments of the two countries should give full play to the role of China-Kazakhstan Cooperation Committee to increase communication and coordination. The parliaments and political parties of the two countries should carry out exchanges in various forms on the experience of governing their respective countries.     Secondly, the two countries should utilize the complementarity of their economies to deepen cooperation in such fields as economy, trade, energy, resources and finance to achieve common development. The two sides should further optimize trade structure, expand the scale of bilateral trade, work together to build major energy and resources projects and non-resources projects, and accelerate infrastructure construction at border areas.     Thirdly, the two countries should promote cultural exchanges and cooperation. China is ready to deepen cooperation with Kazakhstan in culture, education, health, tourism and sports. He said the two countries should encourage non-governmental organizations, media and youth organizations to expand contact and enhance friendship.     Fourthly, the two countries should deepen security cooperation and join hands to tackle various challenges. He said China will continue to strengthen coordination and cooperation with Kazakhstan within such multilateral frameworks as the United Nations, Shanghai Cooperation Organization and Conference on Interaction and Confidence-Building Measures in Asia. He said the two countries should join effort to strike trans-border organized crimes and the evil forces of separatism, terrorism and extremism so as to safeguard peace, stability and security of the two countries and the whole region.     Nazarbayev fully agreed with Hu's suggestion, saying under the current situation, Kazakhstan is ready to strengthen its strategic partnership with China. He expressed the willingness to expand bilateral cooperation in trade, energy, transport, agriculture, finance and telecommunications.     He said the two countries should continue to step up cooperation in multilateral arena, especially within the frameworks of the United Nations, Shanghai Cooperation Organization and Conference on Interaction and Confidence-Building Measures in Asia.     He said the two countries will work together to fight against the three evil forces of separatism, terrorism and extremism to maintain peace and stability in the region and the world over.     Nazarbayev reiterated that Kazakhstan supports China's stance on the issues of Taiwan and Tibet. It supports China to safeguard sovereignty and territorial integrity.     Before the talks, President Hu hold a welcome ceremony for President Nazarbayev at the Great Hall of the People.

合肥长淮中医院如何治颈椎病

BEIJING, Feb. 28 (Xinhua) -- China's top legislature approved the Food Safety Law on Saturday, providing a legal basis for the government to strengthen food safety control "from the production line to the dining table."     The law, which goes into effect on June 1, 2009, will enhance monitoring and supervision, toughen safety standards, recall substandard products and severely punish offenders. The National People's Congress (NPC) Standing Committee gave the green light to the intensively-debated draft law at the last day of a four-day legislative session, following a spate of food scandals which triggered vehement calls for overhauling China's current monitoring system. Wu Bangguo (C), chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (NPC), presides over the concluding meeting of the 7th meeting of the 11th NPC Standing Committee in Beijing, on Feb. 28, 2009. The NPC Standing Committee, China's top legislature, concluded its four-day session on Saturday, after approving the food safety law, an amendment to the criminal law and the revised insurance law.    Winning 158 out of 165 votes, the law said the State Council, or Cabinet, would set up a state-level food safety commission to oversee the entire food monitoring system, whose lack of efficiency has long been blamed for repeated scandals.     The departments of health, agriculture, quality supervision, industry and commerce administration will shoulder different responsibilities.     These would include risk evaluation, the making and implementation of safety standards, and the monitoring of about 500,000 food companies across China, as well as circulation sector.     The law draft had been revised several times since it was submitted to the NPC Standing Committee for the first reading in December 2007.     It had been expected to be voted by lawmakers last October, but the voting was postponed for further revision following the tainted dairy products scandal last September, in which at least six babies died and 290,000 others were poisoned.     "It actually took us five years to draft this law since the State Council first made legislative recommendations in July 2004.It has undergone intensive consideration, because it is so vital to every person," Xin Chunying, deputy director of the NPC Standing Committee's Legislative Affairs Commission, said at a press briefing after the law was adopted.     She said although China had certain food quality control systems in place for many years, lots of loopholes emerged in past years, mainly due to varied standards, lack of sense of social responsibility among some business people, too lenient punishment on violators and weakness in testing and monitoring work.     China has a food hygiene law, which took effect in 1995, to regulate issues of food safety, but many lawmakers said it was too outdated to meet the need of practice.     For example, the law is far from being adequate in addressing the problem of pesticide residue in foodstuff.     According to the new law, China will set up compulsory standards on food safety, covering a wide range from the use of additives to safety and nutrition labels.     The law stipulates a ban on all chemicals and materials other than authorized additives in food production, saying that "only those items proved to be safe and necessary in food production are allowed to be listed as food additives."     Health authorities are responsible for assessing and approving food additives and regulating their usage.     Food producers must only use food additives and their usage previously approved by authorities, on penalty of closure or revocation of production licenses in serious cases, according to the law.     In the tainted dairy products scandal, melamine, often used in the manufacture of plastics, was added to substandard or diluted milk to make protein levels appear higher than they actually were.     "Melamine had never been allowed to be used as food additive in China. Now the law makes an even clearer and stricter ban on it," Xin said.     She said the compulsory system to recall substandard food, as written in the law, would also be effective in curbing food-related health risks.     Producers of edible farm products are required to abide by food safety standards when using pesticide, fertilizer, growth regulators, veterinary drugs, feedstuff and feed additives. They must also keep farming or breeding records.     Offenders can face maximum fines which would be 10 times the value of sold products, compared with five times at present.     If businesses are found producing or selling a substandard foodstuff, consumers can ask for financial compensation which is 10 times the price of the product. That's in addition to compensation for the harm the product causes to the consumer.     For those whose food production licenses are revoked due to illegal conducts, they will be banned from doing food business in the following five years.     "This is a big step to increase penalties on law violators," Xin said.     Another highlight of the law is that celebrities can share responsibility for advertising for food products that are found to be unsafe.     The law says all organizations and individuals who recommend substandard food products in ads will face joint liability for damages incurred.     This has been a hot topic in China where film stars, singers and celebrities are often paid to appear in ads of food products.     "The provisions were added out of concern over fake advertisements, which contained misleading information. Many of the advertisements featured celebrities," said Liu Xirong, vice chairman of the NPC Law Committee.     Several Chinese celebrities had advertised for products of the Sanlu Group, a company at the epicenter of the tainted dairy product scandal. They were vehemently criticized after thousands of babies were poisoned by the Sanlu formula.     Many people posted online demands for them to apologize to and compensate families of the sickened babies. But others argued that it was unfair to blame the celebrities as Sanlu had legal documents to prove its products safe.     On tonic food, a booming industry with an estimated annual output value of 100 billion yuan (14.62 billion U.S. dollars) in China, the law prohibits any claims related to prevention or cure of illness on the product's label and instruction leaflets.

BEIJING, March 8 (Xinhua) -- The Chinese government has announced a massive plan to rebuild and renovate dilapidated houses in rural areas, aiming to improve people's life, create jobs and boost domestic demand amid the global financial meltdown.     Qi Ji, vice minister of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, said on the sidelines of the ongoing annual parliament session that the country will rebuild and renovate 800,000 rural houses this year, which was expected to create 1.5 million jobs.     It was not available at the moment how much the government plans to spend in this program, which was announced at a time when the country's real economy is severely hurt by the financial crisis, resulting in export decline, factories shutdown and job losses.     Premier Wen Jiabao told the annual session of the National People's Congress (NPC) Thursday that the country will this year "expand the pilot program for renovating dilapidated houses in rural areas."     The pilot program started last year in the southwestern poverty-stricken Guizhou Province. A villager named Liu Yonggao inZunyi County, Guizhou, told Xinhua that he got a 10,000 yuan (1,460 U.S. dollars) subsidy from the government and the reconstruction cost him 80,000 yuan.     "I also spend 20,000 yuan to buy home appliances including a color TV and a hi-fi system," he said.     Officials from the government of Zunyi City that administers the Zunyi County said every one yuan that the government subsidizes for the rural housing program would drive a 10 yuan investment from farmers.     It also brought about plenty of jobs. In Tongzhi County alone, more than 6,000 people, including 1,000 farmers who returned home after losing jobs in the cities, were working to rebuild or renovate rural houses.     More than 20,000 houses in Guizhou collapsed amid a rare snow and sleet disaster at the beginning of last year and 138,000 others were damaged.     The pilot program started after the government earmarked 260 million yuan and as of the end of the year more than 20,000 rural families have move to their new homes. Another 34,000-strong families in Guizhou are expected to benefit from the program this year.     "Farmers became enthusiastic to rebuilding or renovating their homes after knowing that they would receive money from the government," said Liao Guoxun, a Guizhou-based NPC deputy.     Guizhou Provincial Governor Lin Shusen, also an NPC deputy, said the central and provincial governments would set aside 10 billion yuan for the program this year.     Meanwhile, east China's Shandong Province last month kicked off a program to renovate 800,000 dilapidated houses in the coming five years. It also plans to build 750,000-1,000,000 new houses annually in the countryside in the coming three years.     Shandong Provincial Governor Jiang Daming said 270,000 new houses had been built annually over the past few years, with an average investment of 100,000 yuan for each house built or newly decorated.     Three million new houses would then mean an investment of 300 billion yuan, which would at least create 800,000 jobs, Jiang said.     China's consumer spending against economy size has been declining over the past ten years, experts said.     Premier Wen Jiabao said China is facing "unprecedented difficulties and challenges" as economic growth slows, employment pressure mounts and social uncertainties increase in 2009, the most difficult year since the new millennium.     China's economy cooled to a seven-year low of 9 percent last year, and broke a five-year streak of double-digit expansion, as the global financial crisis took its toll on the world's fastest growing economy.     In addition to a 4-trillion yuan stimulus package that was announced in November, the premier also proposed a budgeted fiscal deficit of 950 billion yuan for 2009, a record high in six decades and nearly three times over the last record of 319.8 billion yuan set in 2003.     Among the 4-trillion yuan stimulus package, 370 billion yuan will be used to improve people's life in rural areas.     When delivering a government work report at the NPC session, Wen said China must boost domestic demand to sustain economic growth. "We need to...make boosting domestic demand a long-term strategic principle and a starting point in stimulating economic growth."  

BEIJING, April 11 (Xinhua) -- Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao's attendance at the ASEAN-related summits has shown the Chinese government's sincerity, responsibility and confidence in facilitating the East Asian cooperation, Chinese Foreign Minister Yang Jiechi said on Saturday.     The summits related to the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) are an important cooperative mechanism in the region. All the participants hope the summits can reach consensus and yield a substantial outcome, he said.     Leaders from East Asian countries have shown their confidence in and strong desire for cooperation in jointly tiding over the global financial crisis, despite the fact that the summits were postponed due to Thailand's political situation, Yang said.     East Asian countries are facing severe impact of the international financial crisis that is still spreading and deepening, but these countries have a common desire to strengthen cooperation and tide over the difficulties, Yang said.     China has always actively advocated and pushed forward the cooperation in East Asia, he emphasized.     The ASEAN members had hoped China could play an important role at the summits in pushing forward the cooperation in East Asia, so that the countries could tide over the current difficulties, he said.     Premier Wen had planned to make a three-point proposal at the summit for joint efforts to tackle the financial crisis and promote cooperation among East Asian nations, Yang said.     Firstly, it's an urgent task to cooperate in addressing the global financial crisis, focus the efforts on resolving the most serious and pressing issues, and try to minimize the negative impact of the crisis as much as possible.     Secondly, opportunities should be seized in face of the crisis to make the cooperation in various fields more substantial and vigorous, so as to push forward all-round regional integration.     Thirdly, with an eye on the common long-term interests, firm support should be given to the integration process in East Asia so as to promote regional peace and prosperity.     Premier Wen had also planned to announce a series of relevant measures at the summits, Yang said.     China plans to establish a China-ASEAN investment cooperation fund totaling 10 billion U.S. dollars designed to promote infrastructure construction that will better connect China and the ASEAN nations, Yang said.     Over the next three to five years, China plans to offer a credit of 15 billion dollars to ASEAN countries, including loans with preferential terms of 1.7 billion dollars in aid to cooperation projects between the two sides.     China also plans to offer 270 million yuan (39.7 million dollars) in special aid to Cambodia, Laos and Myanmar to help those countries overcome difficulties amid crisis, and to inject 50 million dollars into the China-ASEAN Cooperation Fund.     China plans to provide 300,000 tons of rice for the emergency East Asia rice reserve to strengthen food security in the region.     China will also provide training for 1,000 agricultural technicians for the ASEAN nations in the upcoming three years, offer an extra 2,000 Chinese government scholarships and 200 Master's scholarships for public administration students from the developing member countries of the East Asia Summit over the next five years, and donate 900,000 dollars to the ASEAN Plus Three Cooperation Fund, Yang said.     The premier had also intended to exchange views with other leaders on the multilateralization of the Chiang Mai Initiative, the construction of the Asian bond markets, expansion of foreign currency reserve pools, widening bilateral currency swap agreements, and efforts to promote the construction of the ASEAN Plus Three free trade zone.     According to previous plans, after the summits, China would sign with ASEAN an investment agreement, which would mark the end of the negotiations on the free trade zone.     The China-ASEAN free trade zone, if established in 2010 as planned, would further strengthen relations between China and ASEAN and exert a significant and far-reaching impact on promoting cooperation among East Asian nations, Yang said.     He said that it is regrettable that delegates participating in the summits could not enter the venue after thousands of Thai anti-government protesters besieged the venue and blocked roads in Pattaya.     Under such a circumstance, the Chinese delegation had shown no fears, waiting in patience and calm, with a hope for the situation to change for the better. Taking a responsible attitude, China has kept contact with Thailand, ASEAN, Japan and South Korea, Yang said.     Premier Wen himself communicated and conducted coordination with leaders of relevant countries, making his best efforts even at the last minute, he said.     When Thai Prime Minister Abhisit Vejjajiva told Wen over the phone the Thai government's decision to postpone the summits, Wen said that as a friendly neighbor of Thailand and the rotating chairman of the three countries that also include Japan and South Korea, China understands the decision and hoped Thailand will maintain political stability, social harmony and economic growth.     According to Yang, the Chinese premier also pledged China's unremitting efforts to push forward the China-Thailand friendly cooperation and China-ASEAN cooperation, as well as the cooperation between China-Japan-South Korea and ASEAN.     Wen said that China's policies and measures on furthering bilateral exchanges and cooperation with ASEAN in various fields will not be affected by the postponement of the summits.     The Chinese premier reiterated the above stance when meeting some ASEAN leaders at the airport before flying home, saying that as long as conditions are mature for the holding of the summits, China will actively participate in them, Yang said.     Wen's sincerity and confidence moved the leaders and were highly appreciated, the Chinese foreign minister noted.     Yang said China has genuine willingness, firm determination and concrete actions to boost the East Asian cooperation.     Although the ASEAN summit and other related meetings were not held as scheduled, China will keep close contact and consultation with ASEAN and other related countries, and honestly implement the cooperation plans and measures that had been decided, Yang said.     China is ready to stand together with East Asian countries in the face of difficulties and help each other to jointly confront the challenges, he said.     China believes that after ups and downs, the East Asian cooperation will surely embrace a more prosperous future, Yang concluded.

合肥长淮颈椎病会诊中心

BEIJING, Feb. 7 (Xinhua) -- The Communist Party of China (CPC) has called for beefing up efforts to further push forward peaceful development of relations between the mainland and Taiwan.     A meeting on Taiwan work, held from Friday through Saturday, pointed out that major breakthrough had been made in development of relations across the Taiwan Straits in 2008.     The meeting urged doing solid job to further push forward development of cross-Straits relations and the process of cross-Straits consultations, continuing the progressive method of easy things first, difficult things later; and economic affairs first, political affairs later.     It urged consolidating the political bases that the two sides both oppose "Taiwan independence" and adhere to the "1992 Consensus", to maintain the momentum of the improving cross-Straits relations.     It urged vigorously beefing up economic exchanges and cooperation, fully realizing direct transport, postal and trade links, striving for normalization of economic relations and working for institutionalizing economic cooperation.     It orders taking effective measures to help Taiwan businesses on the mainland to overcome difficulties, implementing a series of policies that benefit Taiwan compatriots, beefing up cooperation in dealing with the international financial crisis.     It also urged vigorously pushing forward all-round exchanges, with emphasis on promoting cultural and educational exchanges and involving more Taiwan people in cross-Straits exchanges.     Jia Qinglin, member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, attended the meeting and made a speech. Jia, who is also Chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, urged following the guidelines put forward by CPC Central Committee General Secretary Hu Jintao on Taiwan work.     The meeting was presided over by State Councilor Dai Bingguo. The Taiwan Work Office of the CPC Central Committee director Wang Yi delivered a work report at the meeting.

LIAOYUAN, Jilin Province, Feb. 8 (Xinhua) -- From March to September last year, 48-year-old Li Guizhi visited the detention house of the Liaoyuan City in northwestern Jilin Province five times, asking detainees whether they had been tortured.     Her question list also included: "Do you know you have the right to ask lawyers?", "Do you have enough food every day?", "Are you taken to see a doctor when you are not well?".     Li, a community director of the Nankang Street of the Longshan District of Liaoyuan, was in her spare time a public inspector of detention houses. It means she could randomly select time to visit local jails and randomly choose detainees to talk to.     She was also entitled to inspect the jails' condition and examine the jails' records so as to ensure that custody procedures were in line with the law and detainees were not treated inhumanely.     As the first pilot city of the detention inspection system in China, Liaoyuan had 20 public inspectors like Li. They were doctors, teachers, entrepreneurs, civil servants or community workers. Meanwhile, they were either local legislators, political advisors or "people's supervisors", a voluntary post to oversee jurisdiction. They were recommended to be selected as public inspectors thanks to their legislation or public working experience.     These inspectors who had received legal training would put forward proposals for improvements after each tour of the detention house which, therefore, would be obliged to ameliorate its living or working conditions accordingly.     This year, the pilot program continued to be unfolded in Jinzhong of northern Shanxi Province and Zhang Jiagang of eastern Jiangsu Province. More cities would be added to the list.     The Research Center of Litigation System and Judicial Reform under the Beijing-based Renmin University of China was the organizer of the program in China.     Sponsored by the European Union, the program was part of a package of cooperation agreements in political, legal, cultural and economic fields. Legal cooperation between China and Europe covers areas such as the death penalty, anti-torture and professional training of judges and prosecutors.     Chen Weidong, a professor with the Renmin University who was in charge of the program, told Xinhua that treatment of detainees, to some extent, reflected the level of protection of the public's rights and interests.     "Through the introduction of public supervision, which is more independent, to oversee the detention place exercising its power, the system is conducive to ensuring that prisoners are treated in accordance with the law," he said.     China signed the United Nations Convention against Torture in Dec. 1986 which ensured that torture was a criminal offence. "Parties must promptly investigate any allegation of torture, and victims of torture must have an enforceable right to compensation," it said.     In addition, the UN passed in 2002 the Optional Protocol to the Convention, which encourages the establishment of an international inspection system for places of detention.     Currently, more than 20 countries, mainly European nations, have set up the system. Many other developed countries, including the United States, have not established such a system.     According to the Chinese law, law makers and political advisors were entitled to patrol detention places, reflecting parliament's and political advisory bodies' supervision over administrative organs.     Over the past few years, Chinese procuratorates had set up the "people's supervisor" system, in a bid to prevent injustice amid law execution. Most procuratorates of the country had selected people's supervisors.     However, the Supreme People's Procuratorate statistics show Chinese procuratorates punished 930 government workers in 2006 who illegally took people into custody and extorted confessions by torture.     Chen said in the past, supervision was mainly institutional, such as recording and videotaping, and asking lawyers to be present, when interrogating suspects.     "Public supervision, which we currently advocate, enables the public to gain a close and independent observance of the detention places, the result of which is more convincing and can help improve China's image in protecting human rights," he added.     Chen said the inspection system examined many factors, ranging from living conditions of detention places to the fulfillment of various legal rights and interests.     "It neither depends on high-tech equipment nor is confined to the number of legal workers or the time of working, so it can be promoted in any region with any economic situation," he added.     However, a survey about the pilot program, conducted by the Renmin University, showed that detectives generally opposed to the system, saying inspection activities in detention places would "disturb their working plans and easily allow detainees refuse to confess".     Many lawyers believed the "independent" inspection should be worthy of the name, which means detention house staff should be absent when inspectors talked to detainees. It could alleviate detainees' pressure.     TO BE PROMOTED NATIONWIDE     As a main propeller of the program in Liaoyuan, Wang Wensheng, the chief procurator of the Liaoyuan People's Procuratorate, admitted, "All reform will face resistance, risks and blame."     Chen said local officials' open-mindedness and achievements of local judicial reform was considered as key factors in selecting pilot cities. Liaoyuan was an outstanding example.     The first phase of the program, which started as early as 2006,ended last year. The second phase, with Jinzhong and Zhang Jiagang cities added to the list, aimed to find out if the system would be feasible in the country's hinterland and economically prosperous regions.     The project team hoped the system, which was considered as an innovation of China's judicial reform, could be promoted nationwide, but no timetable could be set at the moment. The project was scheduled to end in 2012.     Cheng Lei, a member of the project group and a post doctorate with the law institute of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, said, "Hopefully, the system can be extended to other parts of the country through legislation. Provincial legislation is easier, such as a law on detention place inspection system in northwestern Jilin Province."     Li Guizhi, the Liaoyuan public inspector, said she felt a great honor when becoming an inspector.     "Such voluntary work, without any payment, should convey a message to the world that China's efforts against torture is in line with international practice," she said.

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BEIJING, Feb. 23 (Xinhua) -- Chinese Vice President Xi Jinping's just-concluded Latin American and European tour has strengthened bilateral ties, broadened consensus and boosted cooperation with these countries, a senior Chinese official said Monday.     Xi's two-week trip to Mexico, Jamaica, Colombia, Venezuela, Brazil and Malta, as well as Fiji, where he made a transit stop, was pragmatic and fruitful, said Chinese Vice Foreign Minister Li Jinzhang.     SIGNIFICANT VISIT WITH FAR-REACHING IMPACT     Xi's visit to Latin America was a major Chinese diplomatic move since President Hu Jintao's trip to the region last year, said Li.     Last November, Hu traveled to Latin America for a visit that produced a broad consensus on forming a partnership of all-round cooperation with the region on the basis of equality, mutual benefit and common development. Earlier, China issued its first policy paper on Latin America and the Caribbean.     During his visit to the five Latin American nations, Xi further clarified China's policies on Latin America and stressed that China is ready to join hands with Latin American nations to further enhance cooperation and elevate China-Latin America relations to a new high, Li said.     In a speech at a seminar attended by Chinese and Venezuelan entrepreneurs, Xi raised a five-point proposal on strengthening the all-round cooperation for common development between China and Latin American nations amid the current global economic landscape.     Li described Xi's visit to Latin America as a follow-up action to push forward China's relations with the region.     The Chinese vice president's visit came before the Group of 20 summit scheduled for April in London to address the ongoing global financial crisis, Li noted.     During the trip, Xi called for a long-term perspective in planning and confidence building and urged a combination of promoting bilateral cooperation and ensuring the steady and sustained growth of China's economy. As a result, the visit has yielded remarkable results and a far-reaching political impact, Linoted.     Xi's visit highlighted China's efforts to work with these countries to tackle the financial downturn and turn the crisis into an opportunity, Li said.     Xi's trip brought him to mostly developing countries. During his visit, Xi stressed the need for developing countries to work together in tiding over the financial crisis, he said.     Xi and leaders of these countries reached broad consensus on joint efforts to achieve the UN Millennium Development Goals, tackle the challenges and seek common development, he added.     During Xi's visit, the governments and enterprises from these countries voiced their willingness to cooperate with China and welcomed China to trade with and invest in their countries and join them in exploitation of energy and natural resources and infrastructure construction. 　　VISIT TO GET ACROSS CHINA'S POLICIES ON KEY ISSUES     Xi's visit spanned three continents and two oceans. In every stop, Xi explained China's positions on key issues such as the international situation, the financial crisis, the upcoming G20 summit in London, the Doha round of trade talks as well as UN reforms.     He had in-depth exchanges of views with leaders of the host countries on enhancing cooperation and jointly tiding over the economic difficulties.     Leaders of the seven countries spoke highly of China's role in stabilizing the global economic and financial situation and promoting world peace and development.     Mexican and Brazilian leaders expressed readiness to beef up cooperation with China in international organizations and multilateral mechanisms and work together for a more fair and rational new international order, deal with financial crisis and win a greater say for the developing countries.     Colombian and Jamaican leaders appreciated China's contributions to stabilizing the world economy, saying the steady and relatively fast growth of China's economy will help other countries overcome financial crisis at an early date.     Xi also reiterated China's stance on the Taiwan and Tibet issues. The host countries all reaffirmed their adherence to the one-China policy.     The Chinese vice president welcomed the countries to participate in the Shanghai World Expo in 2010 and was given favorable responses by all. 　　FRUITFUL VISIT PACKED WITH SUBSTANTIAL ACTIVITIES     During his tour, Xi attended nearly 80 meetings, seminars, and other activities and held talks with leaders of the seven countries, exchanging views with them on bilateral ties as well as major international and regional issues of common concern.     He also witnessed the signing of over 60 cooperation documents in economy, finance, energy and mining, agriculture, infrastructure, high-tech and culture.     Xi held wide-ranging contacts with leaders of parliaments, political parties, regional leaders, and people from the media and academic communities.     Xi unveiled the first Confucius Institute in the Caribbean region, and broke ground for the Montego Bay Convention Center, a cooperation project by China and Jamaica.     Xi's visit uplifted China's relations with the seven countries, expanded their political mutual trust and strategic consensus, and deepened pragmatic cooperation, Li said. 　　BROAD PROSPECTS FOR FURTHER COOPERATION     Under the new consensus reached during Xi's visit, China and these countries will strengthen cooperation in trade, finance, energy and mining, agriculture, infrastructure construction, high-tech and culture.     The consensus laid a solid foundation for China and these countries to draw on each other's strength and achieve mutual benefit and win-win progress, Li said.     China and these countries are geographically far apart and have different social and cultural traditions, but their people have expressed an earnest wish to enhance friendship. Xi's visit served to push bilateral ties further forward, Li added.

BEIJING, March 9 (Xinhua) -- Chinese President Hu Jintao called for the building of a Great Wall of stability in Tibet here on Monday, prior to the 50th anniversary of the foiling of an armed rebellion led by the ** Lama's supporters.     Hu stressed the necessity to promote development and stability in Tibet when joining a panel discussion with deputies of the National People's Congress (NPC) from the Tibet Autonomous Region.      Chinese President Hu Jintao (2nd R) joins a panel discussion with deputies to the Second Session of the 11th National People's Congress (NPC) from southwest China's Tibet Autonomous Region, in Beijing, capital of China, March 9, 2009"We must reinforce the solid Great Wall for combating separatism and safeguarding national unity, so that Tibet, now basically stable, will enjoy lasting peace and stability," said Hu.     He urged Tibet authorities to implement the central government's policies on Tibet, focus on development and stability issues, attain an economic great-leap-forward, safeguard "national security" and "social stability", and keep improving people's living standard, in order for them to make new progress in the building of "a unified, democratic, prosperous and harmonious socialistic new Tibet."     In pursuing economic development, Hu said, Tibet must stick to the development road with Chinese characteristics and Tibetan features so as to strengthen the material foundation for the building of socialistic new Tibet.     The President urges Tibet to vigorously advance the program of building "socialist new villages," develop industries with distinguished features" and strengthen ecological and environmental protection.     Hu expressed the hope that Tibet should embark on more projects that will directly result in the improvement of people's life and working conditions, particularly those of farmers and herdsmen.     The government must also give priority to addressing people's immediate needs, so that people of all ethnic groups in Tibet will be able to share the fruit of development, he said.     READY TO HANDLE INCIDENT     Hu's remarks came ahead of several sensitive dates in Tibet.     Tibet will mark the 50th anniversary of the abolishment of slavery and the theocratic regime of the ** Lama on March 28.     On March 10, 1959, in an attempt to preserve the old serfdom, the nobles and slave owners staged an armed rebellion, which was foiled by the central government of China.     The riot changed everything in Tibet. The Communists soon decided that democratic reform should be carried out immediately to demolish the entire old system led by the ** Lama.     The Preparatory Committee of Tibet Autonomous Region replaced the Gaxag government and set out to lead the reform.     From 1959 to until 1966, 1 million slaves were granted land, houses and their freedom.     The ** Lama, who fled to India, has maintained a government-in-exile since 1959, and China has charged that this group was behind the riot in Lhasa on March 14 last year and other Tibetan areas of China.     Earlier on Sunday, Legqog, chairman of the Standing Committee of the Tibet Autonomous Region People's Congress, said the ** clique has increased its secessionist and sabotage activities in Tibet this year.     "They made attempts to make trouble through collusion with those inside or even sending in their people," he said.     "Although Tibet is currently very stable, our troops are ready to handle any infiltration and sabotage activities by the ** Lama clique and other hostile forces," Kang Jinzhong, political commissar of armed police corps in Tibet, told Xinhua Monday.     "All the armed police forces across Tibet are on routine duty. The armed police force has the ability to handle any emergencies an any time," he said.     Tibetan people are "very simple and kind" and their heart stood with the Party, according to Kang, who has been working in Tibet for more than three year.     "If there were really disturbance, it must be caused by a few people instigated under the disguise of religious cause," he said, adding up to now armed police in Tibet had not found any "abnormal situation."     Kang said some hostile forces or "a handful of people" might be making preparations for making trouble, but their conspiracy would not succeed.     Some overseas media have reported that conflict might arise at any time in Tibet, but Kang said that was "purely talking nonsense."     "I am completely relaxed. To be frankly, if Tibet were in a tense situation, I would not have come here for the parliamentary session or talk to you," he told Xinhua, adding, "I'm confident so I'm here for the session."     Kang said Tibet did not experience any instability after the March 14 riot in Lhasa.     The riot, occurring in Lhasa during last year's parliamentary session, caused 18 deaths and huge economic losses.     BORDER CONTROL TIGHTENED     In the riot last year, innocent civilians suffered the most.     Tibetan businessman Losang still keeps photos of the damage to his souvenir store near Lhasa's Jokhang Temple. "They broke the glass and took away some of my most valuable items."     Losang feels easier seeing police and soldiers of the People's Liberation Army patrolling Lhasa's streets. "Tightened security is a good thing for business people and all residents."     "Who cares what other people think of the tightened security in Lhasa?" said a Tibetan woman who was taking her preschool daughter for a walk in a park near the Potala Palace.     "It's always easy to point a finger at others, but we are the ones who actually went through the tragic experience last year," she said. "If not for the police and PLA, I wouldn't have dared to take my daughter out to the streets now."     Expecting possible sabotage activities by the ** Lama clique, a senior police officer said here Monday that border control has been tightened in Tibet.     "We have made due deployment and tightened controls at border ports, and key areas and passages along the border in Tibet," Fu Hongyu, Political Commissar of the Ministry of Public Security Border Control Department.     "We will firmly crackdown on criminal activities in Tibet's border area that pose a threat to China's sovereignty and government," said Fu, a deputy to the NPC session.     "We will go all out to maintain the security and stability of border and coastal areas," said Fu.     Tibet, a plateau region in China, has a lengthy border with Myanmar, India, Bhutan and Nepal.