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ISTANBUL, Turkey, Nov. 28 (Xinhua) -- Chinese and Turkish business people signed 19 contracts here Friday on the purchase of Turkish commodities worth about 230 million U.S. dollars.     Visiting China's top political advisor Jia Qinglin attended the signing ceremony after the Sino-Turkish economic and trade cooperation forum which was attended by government officials and business people from the two countries.     Jia, chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), said in his speech delivered at the forum that China and Turkey should make further plans on the future development of bilateral economic and trade cooperation.     China-Turkey trade volume exceeded 10 billion U.S. dollars last year and the figure for this year is expected to reach 13 billion U.S. dollars.     He called on business people from both countries to make joint efforts to further tap cooperation potentials, increase mutual investment, expand cooperation in infrastructure construction and project engineering, and enhance multi-lateral economic and trade cooperation. Jia Qinglin (back,R), chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), attends a signing ceremony of China-Turkey commodity purchase after addressing the China-Turkey Economic Trade and Cooperation Forum in Istanbul, Turkey, Nov. 28, 2008The Chinese side is ready to speed up cooperation with the Turkish side in communications and tourism, said Jia.     He also urged the two sides to create more and better opportunities for bilateral business cooperation.     On the current international financial crisis, Jia said the Chinese side will cooperate with the international community including Turkey in this regard and make its due contributions to safeguarding international financial stability and promoting world economic growth.     Jia arrived here Friday from Ankara to continue his official goodwill visit as guest of Speaker of the Turkish Grand National Assembly Koksal Toptan.     Turkey is the second leg of Jia's four-nation visit which has taken him to Jordan and will also take him to Laos and Cambodia.

BEIJING, Dec. 1 -- Amid the coupling effects of shrinking global demand and rising operating costs, it has been a dramatic upheaval this year for domestic small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) after China started its reforms 30 years ago.    Even as the scene appears a bit scary, there is still a ray of hope if only entrepreneurs note the writing on the wall and go all out to cut costs before they raise the clamor for a bailout.Two women make beds on a production line of the small private firm Nangang Shoemaking Factory in Foshan, Guangdong province.In the first half of 2008, much before the world saw the capital markets going topsy turvy amid the global economic slowdown, over 67,000 SMEs in China went bankrupt, while more than 10,000 labor-intensive textile enterprises downed shutters, according to figures from the Department of SMEs under the National Development and Reform Commission.    In October, 714 companies were closed in Dongguan in Guangdong province, home to over 60,100 private companies and a major manufacturing center in China.     "We will see more companies closing in the coming months, with the figure likely to cross 1,000 after Christmas," says Dongguan Deputy Mayor Jiang Ling.     Most of the international buyers of Chinese products failed to get letters of credit in October leading to significant cancellations of Christmas orders, says Frank FX. Gong, chief China economist at JPMorgan Securities (Asia Pacific) Limited in a recent report. "Indeed, 'things suddenly ceased' was the common comment we heard on the ground lately," he says.     But for some like Luo Chun, sales director of tin box maker Dongguan Tinpak Co, the freeze on Christmas orders has not yet meant closing. Luo says overseas order fell by 10 percent from June to October, normally the peak time for Christmas orders.

BEIJING, Dec. 27 (Xinhua) -- "Our confidence to face the global financial crisis should rely on science, knowledge and talented people," Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao said Saturday.     He made the remark during a visit to Beijing-based Zhongguancun Science Park, known as China's Silicon Valley.     "I'm here to consult you on how to let science and technology play a good role for us to not only handle the current difficulties but lay a foundation for long-run development," said the premier. Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao takes group photos with UFIDA Software staff during his visit to Beijing-based Zhongguancun Science Park, known as China's Silicon Valley, Dec. 27, 2008.     Wen visited a number of high-tech companies and met with scientists and officials, in the company of Beijing's Communist Party chief Liu Qi and Beijing Mayor Guo Jinlong.     The government has launched a series of measures to deal with the current global financial crisis. They gave greater importance to the power of knowledge, science and technology which have far-reaching effects, Wen said.     "In front of the crisis, everybody should stand up and be brave to take his responsibility," Wen emphasized.     He urged scientists to help domestic enterprises resolve difficulties, improve management, develop new products and create new technology.     The science park is celebrating the 20th anniversary of its founding this year.

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ADDIS ABABA, Nov. 10 (Xinhua) -- China's top legislator Wu Bangguo said here on Monday that his country attaches great importance to its development of relations with Ethiopia.     "My current visit to Ethiopia is aimed at bringing the existing all-round cooperative partnership to a new level and injecting new life into the traditional friendship between the two sides," said Wu Bangguo, chairman of the Standing Committee of China's National People's Congress (NPC). Wu Bangguo (L), chairman of the Standing Committee of China's National People's Congress(NPC), the country's top legislature, meets with Ethiopian President Girma Wolde Giorgis (R) in Addis Ababa, capital of Ethiopia, on Nov. 10, 2008. "This is my first visit to Ethiopia. During my visit I witness the Ethiopian people's affection towards the Chinese people, and Iextend my good wishes to the Ethiopian people," said Wu during his meeting with Ethiopian President Girma Woldegiorgis.     "As a true friend of the Ethiopian people, we are happy to see the achievements made by Ethiopia in implementing the agriculture-led Industrial development plan in recent years. We are also happy to see that Ethiopia has become an example of how to meet the UN Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) ."     "I yesterday had very good talks separately with Teshome Toga, speaker of Ethiopian Council of People's Representatives, and Speaker of Ethiopian Federal Council Degefi Bula, reaching many important consensuses," said the Chinese top legislator.     During his talks with the two Ethiopian speakers, the two sides agreed to strengthen exchanges and cooperation between the two countries' legislatures as part of their efforts to push for improvement of people-to-people friendship, strengthening mutual political trust and promoting mutual benefit in economic cooperation, according to Wu.     Wu is on a five-African nation tour. Ethiopia is the third leg of his two-week-long visit to Africa.     For his part, Ethiopian President Girma said his country is satisfied with the better relations with China.     The president said he is very happy with China's decision to set up an agricultural technology demonstration center in Ethiopia.     He believed the demonstration center is conducive to furthering the agricultural cooperation between Ethiopia and China, improving Ethiopia's agricultural development level and helping the country's efforts to reduce poverty.     During the talks, Wu appreciated Ethiopia's commitment to the one-China policy. Wu pledged that China will speed up the construction of the demonstration center, which helps deepen the realistic cooperation in areas like farming.

MOSCOW, Oct. 27 (Xinhua) -- Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao arrived here on Monday for an official visit aimed at strengthening China's strategic partnership with Russia.     During his three-day stay here, Wen is scheduled to hold talks with Russian President Dmitry Medvedev, Prime Minister Vladimir Putin and Chairman of the State Duma, the lower house of Russia's parliament, Boris Gryzlov. Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao (R) shakes hands with Russian Deputy Foreign Minister Alexei Borodavkin upon his arrival at the airport in Moscow, capital of Russia, Oct. 27, 2008. Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao arrived here on Monday for an official visit aimed at strengthening China's strategic partnership with RussiaTopics of discussion include regional and international issues and bilateral cooperation in areas such as economy and trade, energy, nuclear power, science and technology, according to a Chinese Foreign Ministry official.     In a written statement delivered upon arrival at the airport, Wen hailed the level of China-Russia strategic and cooperative partnership in recent years as unprecedented.     The two nations have enjoyed expanding basis for common interests, increasing mutual trust, more fruitful cooperation and closer strategic cooperation in international and regional affairs, he said. Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao (front L) attends the welcoming ceremony held by Russian Deputy Foreign Minister Alexei Borodavkin upon his arrival at the airport in Moscow, capital of Russia, Oct. 27, 2008. The continuous development of bilateral strategic and cooperative partnership conforms to the fundamental interests of the two peoples, and is conducive to peace and stability in the region and the world at large, said the Chinese premier.     He said he will exchange candid views with Putin on major issues concerning substantial bilateral cooperation.     Wen's meeting with Putin will be the 13th regular talk between the prime ministers of the two countries. Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao (R, front) is greeted upon his arrival at the airport in Moscow, capital of Russia, Oct. 27, 2008. The Chinese premier said he will also exchange views with Medvedev and parliament leaders on bilateral ties as well as international and regional issues of common concern.     Wen said he believed this visit will help promote bilateral political mutual trust, deepen their substantial and strategic cooperation, enhance the mutual understanding and traditional friendship between the two peoples, and inject new vigor into the sustained, sound and steady growth of bilateral relationship.     Russia is the first leg of Wen's two-nation tour, which will also take him to Kazakhstan on Oct. 29.     In Astana, capital city of Kazakhstan, Wen will attend the 7th prime ministers' meeting of Shanghai Cooperation Organization member countries. His visit will end on Oct. 31.

BEIJING, Nov. 29 (Xinhua) -- Senior military officials of China and Myanmar agreed on Saturday to strengthen the relations of the two countries and armed forces in an all-around way.     The two countries should enhance military and state-to-state exchanges to promote regional peace, stability and prosperity, said Chen Bingde, chief of the General Staff of the Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA), while meeting his Myanmar's counterpart Shwe Mann.     Chen said the two sides have maintained cooperation in various fields, and witnessed smooth development in their military ties.     He hailed the firm support to each other in terms of national development and international affairs, especially those touching on the core interests of both nations.     As good neighbors since ancient times, China and Myanmar have helped each other to fight external aggression and to struggle for respective national independence and liberation in modern history, Chen said.     Shwe Mann, also member of the ruling Myanmar State Peace and Development Council (SPDC), agreed to strengthen bilateral ties in an all-around way.     He expressed appreciation for China's long-term support to Myanmar and reaffirmed Myanmar's adherence to the one-China policy.

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BEIJING, Jan. 22 (Xinhua) -- Xinhua News Agency published an article by Hao Shiyuan, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (CASS), on Thursday, to hail that the Democratic Reform is historic stride for social system in Tibet.     Hao, who is also director of the CASS center for the study of Tibetan history and culture, has contributed the article to the Beijing-based Guangming Daily as part of the newspaper's serial articles to mark the establishment of the "Serfs Emancipation Day" by the Tibetan legislature on Monday.     Before the launching in 1959 of the Democratic Reform in Tibet, the highland area was under a hierarchical rule by monks and aristocrats, says the article, citing a book by Edmund Candler, an India-based correspondent of the British newspaper "Daily Mail", who entered Tibet with British army in 1905.     According to the British reporter's "The Unveiling Lhasa", Tibet was then under a feudalist serfdom, where peasants were slaves of lamas. He even compared the Potala Palace, the residence of Tibetan Buddhist leaders, with the bloodiest medieval castles in Europe in the Middle Ages.     The British journalist was so surprised at what he saw in Tibet that he depicted the Tibetan serfdom as unprecedentedly stubborn and dark.     The Communist Party of China (CPC), which represents the fundamental interests of the Chinese of different ethnic groups, is the only power which can lead the one million Tibetan serfs to end the hierarchical serfdom in Tibet, says Hao.     In 1951, the central government signed a 17-article Agreement with the local government of Tibet, which marks the peaceful liberation of Tibet.     In 1954, late Chinese leader Chairman Mao Zedong told the ** Lama, who was then a vice chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (NPC), the top legislature, that the central government was not eager to implement the Democratic Reform in Tibet, though the reform had been underway in other minority areas.     "It needs the consent of the Tibetan people and the will of the Han people must not be forcibly given to the Tibetan people," said Mao, who indicated that the central government was patient enough on the issue of Democratic Reform in Tibet, though "some Han officials might be" eager to carry out the reform.     The scholar explains that "some Han officials", who were not as patient as the central government, came to the idea to start the reform at an early time, because they witnessed that the Tibetan people were increasingly eager to end the serfdom, under which, the Tibetan serfs were living in an abyss of suffering.     Between 1952-58, the local government of Tibet had a financial income of 392.9 million yuan (about 52 million U.S. dollars), but 357.17 million yuan, or 91 percent, came from the central government. Meanwhile, the central government had invested a lot of money to build highways in Tibet. By 1957, the length of Tibetan highways topped 6,000 kilometers.     Under serfdom, however, Tibetan serfs could not enjoy the economic achievements in Tibet, which were made with the financial assistance by the central government, the article says.     The Buddhist monks, aristocrats and the local government were frightened by the bulging demand of the Tibetan people for carrying out the reform.     In 1955, a preparatory committee of the Tibet Autonomous Region was set up, with the ** Lama as the chairman and the Banqen Lama as a vice chairman. In the same year, some Tibetan aristocrats began plotting for armed rebellions.     Beginning in 1957, some Tibetan people were organized to lay siege to government organizations, kill government staff workers, and hold armed rebellions. In 1958, a large number of rebellious armed forces were set up in Tibet.     On Mar. 10, 1959, an all-around armed rebellion was launched by the local government of Tibet and the stubborn upper-class forces, and the ** Lama went into exile, in betrayal of the nation and the Tibetan people.     The Tibetan hierarchical ruling forces headed by the ** Lama held the 1959 armed rebellion - an attempt to safeguard the feudalist serfdom and their fundamental interests, oppose all kinds of changes in Tibet, and seek for "Tibetan independence", according to the article.     On Mar. 28, the central government dissolved the local government of Tibet and replaced it with the preparatory committee, while launching the Democratic Reform, which allowed the Tibetan people to step in the process of a modern social development. Since then, a series of reform policies and measures had been issued to abolish the old system and set up a new system.     In 1961, the Democratic Reform was initially completed as the 1million emancipated Tibetan serfs became the master of Tibet and people's governments were set up across the autonomous region.     Thanks to the support of the central government, the Tibetan economy had achieved a big progress. As of 1965, the grain output in Tibet reached 290 million kilograms, an 88.6 percent increase over 1958, while the number of the livestock stood at over 18 million, an increase of 54.1 percent comparing with that of 1958.     On Sept. 1, 1965, the Tibet Autonomous Region was established, which marks the beginning of a socialist drive in Tibet, a historic stride for social system in Tibet, the article says.

BEIJING, Jan. 22 (Xinhua) -- Chinese President called on members of all political parties, social organizations and ethnic groups to make concerted efforts to help China maintain steady economic growth in 2009.     Hu made the remarks when meeting leaders of non-communist parties, All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce, and public figures without party affiliation on Thursday afternoon.     The meeting was presided by China's top political advisor Jia Qinglin. Vice President Xi Jinping and Vice Premier Li Keqiang also attended the meeting.     Hu first extended New Year greetings to all members of the United Front, a term used by the Communist Party of China (CPC) to describe its policy of uniting political forces representing people of all circles.     He also expressed gratitude for their contribution to China's economic development and social stability in 2008. Chinese President Hu Jintao (3rd R), who is also General Secretary of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee and chairman of the Central Military Commission (CMC), and other Chinese top leaders Jia Qinglin (2nd R), Xi Jinping (4th R) and Li Keqiang (1st R) attend a meeting with representatives of non-communist parties ahead of the Spring Festival in Beijing, capital of China, Jan. 22, 2009. Hu Jintao delivered an important speech at the meeting, which is presided over by Jia Qinglin.    Hu said 2009 marked the 60th anniversary of the establishment of China, and was of crucial importance to the country's modernization.     The top priority of the country in 2009 was to stimulate economic growth, safeguard people's livelihoods, and maintain social stability, Hu said.     These tasks could not be done without the concerted efforts of members of all political parties, social organizations and ethnic groups in the country, he said.     He said maintaining steady economic growth amid the currently disadvantaged situations had posed a major challenge for the governance capacity of the CPC and for the non-communist parties' ability to participate in government and political affairs.     Members of the United Front should take advantage of their extensive resources to further contribute to the economic development of the country, he said.     Hu said year 2009 also marks the 60th anniversary of the founding of the system of multi-party cooperation and political consultation under the leadership of the Communist Party, and urged non-communist parties to adhere to the system in the coming years.

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Chinese Vice Premier Wang Qishan (front R) shakes hands with U.S. Treasury Secretary Henry Paulson at a signing ceremony on energy and environmental protection cooperation during the fifth China-U.S. Strategic Economic Dialogue in Beijing, China, Dec. 4, 2008.    BEIJING, Dec. 4 (Xinhua) -- A senior Chinese official said here on Thursday that China and the United States have reached consensus in five major areas to step up energy and environmental protection cooperation during the on-going fifth round of the Strategic Economic Dialogue (SED).     Zhang Xiaoqiang, vice minister in charge of the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC), said the five areas are as follows.     First, the SED completed preparations to start cooperation in five areas: electricity, clean water, clean transportation, clean air and the conservation of forest and wetland ecosystems, mapping out plans and roadmaps.     China and the United States signed a 10-year energy and environmental protection cooperation framework in June during the fourth SED held in Washington, with these five areas as initial goals. Chinese Vice Premier Wang Qishan (front R) and U.S. Treasury Secretary Henry Paulson attend the signing ceremony on energy and environmental protection cooperation during the fifth China-U.S. Strategic Economic Dialogue in Beijing, China, Dec. 4, 2008.    Second, both sides agreed that energy efficiency would be the sixth initial goal.     Third, the SED achieved agreement on a framework document for the green partnership project under the 10-year cooperation framework. It will be formally signed by Chinese Vice Premier Wang Qishan and U.S. Treasury Secretary Henry Paulson.     Fourth, institutions including China's NDRC and the China Exim Bank, as well as the U.S. Trade and Development Agency and the Export-Import Bank of the United States, will sign a memorandum of understanding on measures to support the 10-year energy cooperation.     Fifth, seven eco-partnerships from the two countries will sign letters of intent on cooperation. These agreements include one involving China's southwestern Chongqing Municipality, the U.S. city of Denver and car maker Ford on an electric and hybrid automobile project.     The two-day SED, which is to end on Friday, also covers macro-economic risks, trade challenges and the investment environment.

BEIJING, Nov. 1 (Xinhua) -- In the space of a year, Yang Chanjuan's career plan has changed direction. A soon-to-graduate college student in economics, Yang is feeling her fortunes being buffeted by the financial crisis.     Yang was recently told by her schoolmates already working in the financial sector that their companies would cut staff, or there would no bonus this year. Amid the turmoil and full of uncertainty, a job in banking or securities company was no longer desirable to her. As a result, she decided to apply for a government job. Yang's change in career plan came as the financial crisis is spreading around the world. As it is now beginning to hit the real economy, more and more people, not only those in banks, have lost their jobs.     International Labor Organization (ILO) estimated earlier that the financial crisis would cost 20 million jobs globally by the end of 2009. The ILO said the new projections could prove to be underestimates if the effects of the current economic turmoil are not quickly confronted and plans laid for the looming recession. Migrant workers fill in application forms at a job fair in Chongqing, southwest China on Jan. 1, 2008. International Labor Organization (ILO) estimated earlier that the financial crisis would cost 20 million jobs globally by the end of 2009.    In the birthplace of the crisis, the United States, big companies from Goldman Sachs to Coca Cola, Motorola to Alcoa, have all announced their job cut plans. Economists believed the jobless total could increase by 200,000.     Back to China, unemployment now becomes a concern too. Although with 2-trillion U.S. dollars of foreign reserves, a budget surplus and a controlled capital market, China would suffer limited direct impact from the crisis. However, weakening demand from its major markets, North America and Europe, is now leading China's real economy in the export sectors into a tough situation.     In China's coastal areas, export enterprises are now struggling with soaring labor cost and fewer orders from foreign customers. Many toy factories in South China's Guangdong Province were shut from January to July this year.     Earlier last month, two big factories of a Hong Kong listed toy-maker were shut. As a result, 7,000 workers lost their jobs. Affected by the global financial crisis, the company was suspended from trading thus it faced severe shortage of current funds.     Statistics from the Ministry of Commerce showed that China's export suffered a growth slowdown in the first three quarters compared with the same period last year -- from 27.1 percent to 22.3 percent. The government said the gross domestic product (GDP)growth rate in the first three quarters this year slowed to 9.9 percent - a 2.3 percentage points fall compared with the same period last year.     "The greatest impact is on these labor-intensive, small and medium-sized export enterprises," said Wang Dewen, a labor economist from China Academy of Social Sciences.     These export-oriented enterprises that make China the world's workshop, are mainly small and medium-sized and vulnerable to market changes. These are China's major employers, absorbing 70 percent of the aggregate 20-million new jobs every year.     Wang said that the lower-end labor market, especially the migrant workers who are the biggest source of employees in the export enterprises, would suffer from unemployment. As the crisis is now just beginning to hit the real economy, the whole situation could be worse if there is no countermeasure.     The fear of unemployment is also hovering over other places. College students and white-collar workers are now worried about their future in the open market.