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BEIJING, April 10 (Xinhua) -- China unveiled Friday an investment guide book to help domestic firms make foreign investments.     The first batch of the guide book released Friday by the Ministry of Commerce covers 20 countries, such as Pakistan, Thailand, Malaysia and Japan.     The guide book includes investment laws and regulations of the 20 countries and statistics about individual countries among other useful information such as advice on problems that firms may encounter.     The ministry said it would unveil more of the guide book to cover as many as 160 countries and regions by the end of June, and it would update the guideline.     "It can be a good time now for Chinese firms to invest overseas," said Li Ruogu, president of the Export-Import Bank of China (China Exim), "as banks have been instructed to support overseas mergers and acquisitions of Chinese firms."     He said Chinese firms should increase their investment in developing countries such as Mongolia and those in Africa, Southeast Asia and Latin America.     Li said such investment could be mutually beneficial for China and investment-receiving countries.     He said investment-receiving countries could expect a boost to the economy with the combination of China's capital and local resources.     Large overseas investment and aid programs of Chinese firms may also boost imports from China and create more employment for Chinese labor, therefore contribute to China's economic growth as well, he added.     He argued that such investment of domestic firms could be supplementary to the country's other plans to stimulate the economy.     China announced a four-trillion-yuan stimulus package aimed at expanding domestic consumption after the financial crisis slashed overseas demand, in a bid to shift its heavy reliance on exports.     Keen to contain the falling exports, the government had also taken various measures, including raising export rebates six times since August last year, to save the failing sector. Figures released Friday showed China's exports continued to fall in March, for the fifth month in a row, but at a slower pace.     Li said encouraging domestic firms to invest overseas could be another option, when the financial crisis is yet to bottom out and it will take some time before domestic demand could take off.     "It's definitely the right choice to rely more on domestic consumption for growth in a country with a 1.3 billion population, which has great market potential," he said, adding that heavy reliance would be unsustainable.     The World Trade Organization has predicted a 9-percent decline in global trade this year, the sharpest drop since World War II.     "But there is a long way to go before domestic consumption will be able to fuel economic growth."     "The country's overall purchasing capacity is not powerful enough yet," he said. China's per capita income of urban residents stood at 15,781 yuan (2,321 U.S. dollars) in 2008, with that of the rural population at 4,761 yuan.

BEIJING, April 11 (Xinhua) -- China's foreign exchange reserves rose 16 percent year-on-year to 1.9537 trillion U.S. dollars by the end of March, said the People's Bank of China on Saturday.     It represents an increase of 7.7 billion dollars for the first quarter, but the increase was 146.2 billion dollars lower than the same period of last year.     Outstanding foreign currency loans stood at 235.2 billion U.S. dollars by the end of March, down 11.7 percent year on year.     In the first quarter, foreign currency loans dropped by 8.5 billion U.S. dollars. The decline was 57.3 billion U.S. dollars heavier over the same period of last year.     In March, foreign currency loans rose by 4.3 billion U.S. dollars. The increase was 6.4 billion U.S. dollars lower than the same period of last year.     Meanwhile, outstanding foreign currency deposits rose 28.9 percent, or 7.5 billion U.S. dollars, to 200.3 billion U.S. dollars in the first quarter. The increase was 13 billion U.S. dollars higher over the same period of last year.     In March alone, foreign currency deposits rose by 3.3 billion U.S. dollars. The increase was 1.8 billion U.S. dollars higher over the same month in 2008.     Analysts said the smaller growth of foreign exchange reserves in the first quarter was related with changes in the value of non-U.S.-dollar assets and money flows under the capital account.     In March alone, the foreign exchange reserves rose by 41.7 billion U.S. dollars. The increase was 6.7 billion U.S. dollars higher than the corresponding period of last year.     The country's foreign exchange reserves reduced to 1.914 trillion U.S. dollars at the end of January and 1.912 trillion U.S. dollars at the end of February.     "Changes of foreign exchange reserves in the first quarter were mainly driven by non-U.S.-dollar assets' volatile fluctuation," said Liu Yuhui, an economist with Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (CASS).     During the first quarter, especially the first two months, non-dollar foreign currencies dropped heavily against the U.S. dollar, leaving about 40 percent of the country's non-dollar assets depreciated.     Meanwhile, the country's trade surplus had reduced during the first quarter due to a weakening external demand.     Exports fell 17.5 percent in January, 25.7 percent in February and 17.1 percent in March. In February, trade surplus plummeted by34.3 billion U.S. dollars to 4.8 billion.     "The 7.7-billion-dollar increase in foreign exchange reserves for the first quarter showed the country's economy still depends heavily on external demand," said Mei Xinyu, an economist with the Ministry of Commerce (MOC).     Yuan Gangming, a researcher with the CASS, said the smaller increase in foreign exchange reserves might also be caused by capital flight.     Official statistics show during the first two months, the actually-utilized foreign direct investment dropped by 26.2 percent.     A large proportion of the country's foreign exchange reserves are invested in U.S. treasuries and notes. Last month, the U.S. Federal Reserve announced a plan to buy up to 300 billion U.S. dollars in long-term treasuries. That added to worries in the value stability of the country's foreign exchange reserves.     Mei said the slower growth in foreign exchange reserves could be conducive to the national economic security because less capital would be exposed to devaluation risks.     "The top priority should be to keep the value of foreign exchange reserves stable," said Yuan. He suggested relevant authorities should keep a close eye on flows of foreign reserves and prevent a similar capital flight that happened after the Asian financial crisis.

LIAOYUAN, Jilin Province, Feb. 8 (Xinhua) -- From March to September last year, 48-year-old Li Guizhi visited the detention house of the Liaoyuan City in northwestern Jilin Province five times, asking detainees whether they had been tortured.     Her question list also included: "Do you know you have the right to ask lawyers?", "Do you have enough food every day?", "Are you taken to see a doctor when you are not well?".     Li, a community director of the Nankang Street of the Longshan District of Liaoyuan, was in her spare time a public inspector of detention houses. It means she could randomly select time to visit local jails and randomly choose detainees to talk to.     She was also entitled to inspect the jails' condition and examine the jails' records so as to ensure that custody procedures were in line with the law and detainees were not treated inhumanely.     As the first pilot city of the detention inspection system in China, Liaoyuan had 20 public inspectors like Li. They were doctors, teachers, entrepreneurs, civil servants or community workers. Meanwhile, they were either local legislators, political advisors or "people's supervisors", a voluntary post to oversee jurisdiction. They were recommended to be selected as public inspectors thanks to their legislation or public working experience.     These inspectors who had received legal training would put forward proposals for improvements after each tour of the detention house which, therefore, would be obliged to ameliorate its living or working conditions accordingly.     This year, the pilot program continued to be unfolded in Jinzhong of northern Shanxi Province and Zhang Jiagang of eastern Jiangsu Province. More cities would be added to the list.     The Research Center of Litigation System and Judicial Reform under the Beijing-based Renmin University of China was the organizer of the program in China.     Sponsored by the European Union, the program was part of a package of cooperation agreements in political, legal, cultural and economic fields. Legal cooperation between China and Europe covers areas such as the death penalty, anti-torture and professional training of judges and prosecutors.     Chen Weidong, a professor with the Renmin University who was in charge of the program, told Xinhua that treatment of detainees, to some extent, reflected the level of protection of the public's rights and interests.     "Through the introduction of public supervision, which is more independent, to oversee the detention place exercising its power, the system is conducive to ensuring that prisoners are treated in accordance with the law," he said.     China signed the United Nations Convention against Torture in Dec. 1986 which ensured that torture was a criminal offence. "Parties must promptly investigate any allegation of torture, and victims of torture must have an enforceable right to compensation," it said.     In addition, the UN passed in 2002 the Optional Protocol to the Convention, which encourages the establishment of an international inspection system for places of detention.     Currently, more than 20 countries, mainly European nations, have set up the system. Many other developed countries, including the United States, have not established such a system.     According to the Chinese law, law makers and political advisors were entitled to patrol detention places, reflecting parliament's and political advisory bodies' supervision over administrative organs.     Over the past few years, Chinese procuratorates had set up the "people's supervisor" system, in a bid to prevent injustice amid law execution. Most procuratorates of the country had selected people's supervisors.     However, the Supreme People's Procuratorate statistics show Chinese procuratorates punished 930 government workers in 2006 who illegally took people into custody and extorted confessions by torture.     Chen said in the past, supervision was mainly institutional, such as recording and videotaping, and asking lawyers to be present, when interrogating suspects.     "Public supervision, which we currently advocate, enables the public to gain a close and independent observance of the detention places, the result of which is more convincing and can help improve China's image in protecting human rights," he added.     Chen said the inspection system examined many factors, ranging from living conditions of detention places to the fulfillment of various legal rights and interests.     "It neither depends on high-tech equipment nor is confined to the number of legal workers or the time of working, so it can be promoted in any region with any economic situation," he added.     However, a survey about the pilot program, conducted by the Renmin University, showed that detectives generally opposed to the system, saying inspection activities in detention places would "disturb their working plans and easily allow detainees refuse to confess".     Many lawyers believed the "independent" inspection should be worthy of the name, which means detention house staff should be absent when inspectors talked to detainees. It could alleviate detainees' pressure.     TO BE PROMOTED NATIONWIDE     As a main propeller of the program in Liaoyuan, Wang Wensheng, the chief procurator of the Liaoyuan People's Procuratorate, admitted, "All reform will face resistance, risks and blame."     Chen said local officials' open-mindedness and achievements of local judicial reform was considered as key factors in selecting pilot cities. Liaoyuan was an outstanding example.     The first phase of the program, which started as early as 2006,ended last year. The second phase, with Jinzhong and Zhang Jiagang cities added to the list, aimed to find out if the system would be feasible in the country's hinterland and economically prosperous regions.     The project team hoped the system, which was considered as an innovation of China's judicial reform, could be promoted nationwide, but no timetable could be set at the moment. The project was scheduled to end in 2012.     Cheng Lei, a member of the project group and a post doctorate with the law institute of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, said, "Hopefully, the system can be extended to other parts of the country through legislation. Provincial legislation is easier, such as a law on detention place inspection system in northwestern Jilin Province."     Li Guizhi, the Liaoyuan public inspector, said she felt a great honor when becoming an inspector.     "Such voluntary work, without any payment, should convey a message to the world that China's efforts against torture is in line with international practice," she said.

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JINAN, March 17 (Xinhua) -- Chinese Vice Premier Hui Liangyu on Tuesday urged local governments to support spring ploughing work to promote grain production.     Speaking at a national meeting held by the State Council (Cabinet) in Jinan, capital city of eastern China's Shandong Province, on Monday and Tuesday, Hui called for great efforts to support the harvest of summer grain and oil crops.     He called on local authorities to give priority to spring farm work, maintain steady and relatively fast rural and agricultural development, help farm incomes rise and improve water conservation in rural areas.     He urged authorities to provide agricultural science and technology services to farmers, strengthen pest and animal disease controls, help farmers rise out of poverty and provide more jobs for returning migrants.     China harvested 528.5 billion kilograms of grain last year, up 5.4 percent from 2007, the fifth consecutive increase.

JINAN, March 17 (Xinhua) -- Chinese Vice Premier Hui Liangyu on Tuesday urged local governments to support spring ploughing work to promote grain production.     Speaking at a national meeting held by the State Council (Cabinet) in Jinan, capital city of eastern China's Shandong Province, on Monday and Tuesday, Hui called for great efforts to support the harvest of summer grain and oil crops.     He called on local authorities to give priority to spring farm work, maintain steady and relatively fast rural and agricultural development, help farm incomes rise and improve water conservation in rural areas.     He urged authorities to provide agricultural science and technology services to farmers, strengthen pest and animal disease controls, help farmers rise out of poverty and provide more jobs for returning migrants.     China harvested 528.5 billion kilograms of grain last year, up 5.4 percent from 2007, the fifth consecutive increase.

BEIJING, March 24 (Xinhua) -- Former Vice-Chairman of the Standing Committee of China's National People's Congress Raidi has said the democratic reform to abolish serfdom in Tibet was the people's own historical choice.     Raidi, a 71-year-old Tibetan who was once vice secretary of Tibet Autonomous Region's Party Committee, made the remark during an exclusive interview with Xinhua on Tuesday. People of the Tibetan ethnic group hold a celebration for the upcoming Serfs Emancipation Day, at Jiaba Village of Nedong County, southwest China's Tibet Autonomous Region, March 23, 2009. "The ** Lama clique's attempt to split the country and restore the serfdom did not, does not and will never succeed," Raidi said, adding that the Tibetan people could never enjoy human rights, freedom and democracy in a society under serfdom system.     He stressed that the Serfs Emancipation Day which falls on March 28 is an event and celebration with extraordinary meanings for Tibetan people. The reform half a century ago was a milestone which distinguishes the new Tibet with the old one and also a milestone in the world's history to abolish slavery. A resident of the Tibetan ethnic group dances in a celebration party for the upcoming Serfs Emancipation Day, at Jiaba Village of Nedong County, southwest China's Tibet Autonomous Region, March 23, 2009The ** Lama has pretended to be a pure religious figures in the past 50 years of exile but he had attacked the Party and central government and stirred unrest in Tibet by playing with outside forces, Raidi said.     To achieve their goals, the ** clique had spread all sorts of lies to beautify the region's former theocracy. On the other hand, they claimed the alleged "middle way" and "meaningful autonomy" to divert people's attention to their real intention to seek independence, he added.     "Recall the past 50 years of development in Tibet, I feel that Tibet could have a bright future and prosperity only under the leadership of Communist Party of China and in the family of socialist motherland," Raidi said.

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BEIJING, Feb. 6 (Xinhua) -- The worst drought in half a century in northern China will continue until next month, although it will be eased slightly by rainfall forecasted for the next ten days, according to the China Meteorological Administration (CMA) on Friday.     In March, rainfall in most parts of the wheat-growing areas in northern China is expected to be slightly less or close to normal. However, the wheat crops in Hebei, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Shandong, Henan and Anhui will continue to suffer, said Xiao Ziniu, director of the National Climate Center (NCC) under the CMA said at a videoconference. Workers of a power company help a farmer to irrigate the field in Wuhe County, east China's Anhui Province, Feb. 5, 2009. China raised the drought emergency class Thursday from level two to level one, the highest alert, in response to the worst drought to hit northern China in half a century, according to a State Council meeting.China declared the highest level of emergency on Thursday in response to the rare drought which began in November. President Hu Jintao and Premier Wen Jiabao have ordered all-out efforts to combat the severe drought in the country's vast wheat-growing area to ensure a good summer harvest.     About half of the total, or 78.77 million mu (5.25 million hectares) of the affected wheat lands have been irrigated in the nation's eight wheat-growing provinces as of Feb. 5, according to data released by the Ministry of Agriculture (MOA) on Friday. Soldiers of armed police force help a farmer to irrigate his field in Huainan, east China's Anhui Province, Feb. 5, 2009. The ministry said it would offer farmers subsidies on irrigation equipment purchase to aid the relief work. Prices of the facilities should not be higher than the market price for last year.     Buying water pump and the watering machinery will be subsidized to meet the urgent demand of the anti-drought effort, said an official with the ministry, stressing that the product quality should be insured.     The area of affected crops has expanded to 161 million mu by Feb. 6. 4.37 million people and 2.1 million livestock are facing drinking water shortage, according to data released by the Office of State Flood Control and Drought Relief Headquarters. People barrel drinking water supplied by the local government at Chengguan Township in Ruyang County of Luoyang City, central China's Henan Province, Feb. 4, 2009. The city had received a reduced effective rainfall since October 2008, almost 80 percent less than in the same period of previous years. The local government has allocated some 25 million yuan (3.65 million U.S. dollars) for drought relief and crops protectionThe scarcity of rain in some parts of the north and central provinces is the worst in recorded history, as the drought spanned from autumn to winter -- a weather trend not witnessed in years, according to Sun Zhengcai, the Minister of Agriculture. The situation in some areas is extremely severe, he said.     Lack of rain has created a layer of three-to-ten-centimeter of dry soil in many parts of northern China, Sun said.     As the drought will not be relieved in the short-run, more seedlings are likely to be killed as spring approaches, which could threatened the summer harvest. Photo taken on Feb. 5, 2009 shows a dead wheat seedling in the farmland of Taiping township of Huining County, northwest China's Gansu Province. The county has suffered from serious drought since September 2008 with about 150,667 hektares of farmland and 184,000 people and 326,000 livestocks short of water. MOA data showed more than 2.3 million mu of wheat seedlings in Henan, Anhui and Shandong provinces had perished.     This year's summer harvest became more unpredictable as Puccinia striiformis, or stripe rust, one of the most damaging wheat disease began to show signs of spreading across the nation, MOA warned.     The dangerous disease, which could cause losses up to 40 percent, has affected more than 11.3 million mu (753,000 hectares) of wheat in seven provinces, 4.6 million mu more than the same period last year. The northwestern Gansu and Ningxia saw the worst outbreak in 19 years.

BEIJING, Feb. 26 (Xinhua) -- Chinese share prices registered a dramatic 3.87 percent drop Thursday as investor confidence collapsed ahead of the wary market performance and caused panic selling, analysts said.     The decline on overseas markets also had a negative effect.     The benchmark Shanghai Composite Index, which covers both A and B shares, opened higher after the government announced stimulus plans, but dipped 85.05 points, or 3.87 percent, to 2,121.52 points in the afternoon session.     The Shenzhen Component Index on the smaller Shenzhen bourse dropped to 7,777.90 points, down 463.76 points, or 5.63 percent.     Total turnover was 198.52 billion yuan (29.07 billion U.S. dollars), down from 209.05 billion yuan on Wednesday.     Losers led gainers by 841 to 34 in Shanghai and 719 to 36 in Shenzhen.     The weak performance of both the Wall Street and Hong Kong shares had cast a shadow over the mainland market, said analysts.     The financial sector, which led a market rebound Wednesday, failed to support the market in afternoon trading as it dipped 4.76 percent.     Shenzhen Development Bank, which almost fell by the 10-percent daily limit, ended up with an 8.91 percent drop to 13.8 yuan.     China Merchants Bank, which rose by 9.57 percent Wednesday, slipped4.36 percent to 14.27 yuan.     Machinery, automobiles, media and semiconductor sectors led the retreat, dropping 7.88 percent, 7.54 percent, 7.68 percent and 7.79 percent, respectively.     Non-ferrous metals also fell by 7.54 percent though the government announced a stimulus package for the industry Wednesday.     Chenzhou Mining, Corun New Energy, Tibet Mining, Advanced Technology and Materials, Western Metal Material, Sichuan Hongda and Xiamen Tungsten fell by the 10-percent daily limit.     Yongan Forestry bucked the trend, rising by the 10-percent daily limit. The forestry sector managed to close at no more than a 2 percent decline, as domestic media reported a government stimulus plan for forestry was under discussion.     China Eastern Airlines, one of the country's top three airlines, announced Thursday that its shareholders had passed a share placement plan which intended to raise 7 billion yuan from its parent company, China Eastern Group.     The company will issue 1.44 billion Shanghai-listed A shares at a price of 3.87 yuan per share, as well as 1.44 billion Hong Kong-listed H shares at 1.00 yuan each, according to the announcement.     The fund would reduce the company's asset liability ratio and improve its financial situation, said the company.     China Eastern Airlines shares were suspended Thursday.     Hong Kong shares dipped 0.85 percent to 12,894.94 points Thursday, while U.S. stocks fell Wednesday. The Dow Jones industrial average was down 80.05 points, or 1.09 percent, at 7,270.89. The Standard & Poor's 500 Index dropped 8.24 points, or 1.07 percent, to 764.90. The Nasdaq Composite Index dropped 16.40 points, or 1.14 percent, to 1,425.43.

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BEIJING, March 3 (Xinhua) -- China's top political advisor Jia Qinglin on Tuesday urged his colleagues from the private sector not to lay off workers to help maintain social stability amid the global economic turmoil.     Jia, Chairman of the 11th National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), said this in a report delivered at the second session of the 11th CPPCC National Committee, which convened Tuesday at the Great Hall of the People in downtown Beijing. Jia Qinglin, chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), delivers a report on the work of the CPPCC National Committee's Standing Committee at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing, capital of China, March 3, 2009. The Second Session of the 11th CPPCC National Committee opens on Tuesday"National Committee members from the non-public sector of the economy should be encouraged to shoulder their share of social responsibilities," according to the Report on the Work of the Standing Committee of the CPPCC National Committee.     "Advisors should try their best to refrain from laying off any employees, cutting salaries or withholding wages, so as to create a harmonious labor relationship," said Jia.     The unfolding financial crisis has resulted in mass unemployment in China. Jobless migrant workers alone exceed 20 million, not to mention millions of graduates swarming into the job market every year. The Second Session of the 11th National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) opens at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing, capital of China, March 3, 2009.A report issued in January by the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security (MOHRSS) showed that China's urban unemployment rate rose to 4.2 percent at the end of 2008, up 0.2 percentage points year-on-year.     The real situation is more serious, as the number of migrant workers and newly graduated college students are not included in the count.     Political advisor Wang Junjin, chairman of the Shanghai-based Junyao group, said that the grim economic situation requires people to help each other and share weal and woe.     "Employers should nurture good relations with employees. They must also take up greater social responsibility," said Wang.     According to media reports, the ongoing CPPCC session and upcoming session of the National People's Congress, China's top legislature, will have deputies and advisors from more than 150 listed companies.     These companies account for about 10 percent of the firms listed on the yuan-denominated market. They include executives of large financial companies such as China Life Insurance (Group) Company and Ping An Insurance (Group) Company of China.     Jia also urged political advisors from the ethnic minorities and religious circles to play a unique role in the drive for ethnic unity and religious harmony.     The top political advisor also expressed support for the government's handling of unrest in Tibet in March last year.     "We unequivocally supported the Party and government in dealing with the destructive, disruptive, violent and illegal incidents in Lhasa, Tibet, and other areas in accordance with the law," Jia said.     Jia's speech was echoed by members from the religious circle. Advisor Huang Xinyang, president of the Beijing Taoism Association, said that the speech reflects the heartfelt wishes of advisors from the religious circle, who support the ideal of social harmony and national unity.     "A handful of separatists who advocate 'Tibet independence' do not represent the people of the religious circle and they are doomed to failure," said Huang.     Advisor Ma Guoquan from northwest Ningxia Hui Autonomous Regionsaid: "The religious policy we have now is the most appropriate. Believers have the full freedom to engage in religious activities. There is no reason for making trouble."

LHASA/BEIJING, March 28 (Xinhua) -- The first Serfs Emancipation Day was celebrated across Tibet Autonomous Region on Saturday, while people from elsewhere in China expressed their wishes to the Tibetans. 　　CELEBRATION ACROSS TIBET     In Lhasa, readers of the broadsheet Tibet Daily and Tibet Economic Daily found that Saturday's edition of both newspapers became thicker--special issues were published to introduce the changes since democratic reform in 1959.     In the Ngaqen village, fully attired Tibetans gathered in the village club to watch the televised grand celebration held on the square in front of the Potala Palace about 30 kilometers away in the seat of Lhasa.     Tsamjo, 66, who lived in a two-story building, said her life was better than "the landlord in the past".     She had worked as a serf for seven years before the democratic reform. "At that time, our plot of land was smaller than a palm, and our room was as big as the nose of a cow," she said.     After the ceremony, villagers performed traditional Tibetan dances and held a contest of tug-of-war. Tibetan people in traditional dress celebrate the first Serfs Emancipation Day at home in Qamdo, southwest China's Tibet Autonomous Region, March 28, 2009In the Tashigang village of Dagze county, more than 1,000 people enjoyed their own party.     "We have prepared for about a month for the party on our own holiday," 19-year-old Degyi said while doing the makeup.     As a young girl, she admitted that she had little knowledge about the past. "But I feel sad whenever listening to my grandparents telling the stories," she said.     In the Qamdo prefecture in east Tibet, slogans written on red scrolls hailing the Serfs Emancipation Day could be seen on major roads, where sellers in vegetable markets were waiting for their customers, monks in monasteries were chanting sutras and street vendors were soliciting business. Life was as peaceful as ordinary days. In the Tianjin square, dozens of passers-by stopped to watch performances for the holiday.     In Beijing, Serfs Emancipation Day became the hottest topic among students in the Tibet Middle School. Many students hummed the old song "Freed serfs sing in happiness".     "My grandparents were both serfs," said an eleventh-grader Dawa Dorje. A Tibetan man in traditional dress plugs the national flag on the roof of his house during the celebration of the first Serfs Emancipation Day at home in Qamdo, southwest China's Tibet Autonomous Region, March 28, 2009 "They told me that they tied stones to their feet as shoes, and my granny became blind because she had no money to cure her eye illness," she said.     Currently there are 810 Tibetan students in the school, whose accommodation, clothes, health care were all funded by the government.     Main celebration for the holiday was held on the square in front of the Potala Palace in Lhasa, capital city of Tibet, at 10 a.m.     The gathering was presided over in both Tibetan and Mandarin by Qiangba Puncog, chairman of the regional government of Tibet, who was dressed in a traditional Tibetan robe. It was attended by about 13,280 people.     After the national flag was hoisted against the backdrop of the grand Potala Palace and snow-capped mountains in the distance, representatives of former serfs, soldiers from the People's Liberation Army (PLA) and students delivered speeches.     Tibet's Communist Party chief Zhang Qingli was the last to speak.     "Burying feudal serfdom and liberating the one million serfs in Tibet was a natural development in history ... a milestone in the worldwide campaign to abolish slavery, a sign of progress in human rights," he said.     "Tibet belongs to China, not the a few separatists or the international forces against China. Any conspiracy attempting to separate the region from China is doomed to failure. The sky in Tibet will forever be blue, and the national flag will flutter high," he noted.     The ceremony lasted for more than an hour.     REMEMBERING THE PAST     As usual, foreign "critics" jumped up before the Serfs Emancipation Day, saying China exaggerated the cruelty of traditional Tibetan life to disguise a power grab, and that "serfdom" is too loaded to describe the Tibetan system.     But 73-year-old Baya in Qamdo, who was born to be a Tralpa, or a kind of serf whose life was better among all, said she would never return to the old society. Tibetan people in traditional dress celebrate the first Serfs Emancipation Day at home in Qamdo, southwest China's Tibet Autonomous Region, March 28, 2009 "I began to graze cattle when I was nine years old," she said. "There were many wolves in the pasturing area, and the aristocrats always asked us to deliver messages in midnight."     "We were afraid of the ghost, and I once witnessed a horde of wolves attack a lama..." she was apparently still in fear.     What they wore then was goat's skin, dried under the sun, because they didn't have cloth. They didn't have shoes.     "If the feet bled, we just apply the oil of the goat to the wounds," she said.     Dinner was potherb soup. "We didn't have Tsampa (food made of barley floor) to eat, let alone rice and wheat."     Baya said her first taste of sugar was after the People's Liberation Army (PLA) entered Tibet. The sugar was brought to there from Yunnan Province.     Zhao Qingui, a 73-year-old Tibetan veteran soldier, joined the PLA in 1950.     "At that time, only the aristocrats had tooth paste, tooth brush, biscuit, wool and fruits. The majority of people, or the serfs, could only wish not to be starved," he said.     Sun Huanxun, a PLA veteran who went to Tibet also in 1950 and stayed there, recalled what he saw in Lhasa before the democratic reform.     "Serfs wailed and begged from passers-by, some of whom had their legs chopped by the landlords, some have their eyes gouged out and some without hands," he said.     In contrast, the landlords were in luxurious dress, some riding on the backs of their slaves. "In their houses there hung whips, knives and shackles," he added. Local residents compete tug-of-war during the celebration ceremony to mark the first Serfs Emancipation Day in Gaba village in the suburb of Lhasa, capital of southwest China's Tibet Autonomous Region, March 28, 2009. A grand celebration ceremony is held here on Saturday to mark the first Serfs Emancipation DayQi Jiguang, a historian from the Deqen Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, recited the sentences he read from slave contracts: "I would be your slave so long as the snow-capped mountain didn't collapse, the water from rivers didn't dry up."     The Khesum village in Shannan Prefecture was hailed as the first village to implement the democratic reform. Before the Serfs Emancipation Day, residents in the village wrote an open letter:     "We could never forget the old adage: there are three knives over the heads of serfs--heavy labor, heavy rent, and high interest; there are three paths before their eyes--flee from famine, become slave, or go begging."     "We would never return to the dark, backward, and cruel fuedal serfdom society. We would cherish the life now like cherishing our own eyes," it reads. 　　FOR BETTER FUTURE     Chinese President Hu Jintao visited an exhibition marking the 50th Anniversary of Democratic Reform in Tibet, at the Cultural Palace of Nationalities in Beijing.     During his visit, he said that the "good situation" in today's Tibet was "hard-earned and should be highly cherished."     He also noted that the reform 50 years ago was "the most extensive, profound and progressive social transformation in the history of Tibet. Tibet should move from being "basically stable" to "peaceful and stable in the long run," he stressed.     On the Serfs Emancipation Day, 25 villagers from the Ngoklog village in Qamdo joined the Communist Party of China.     "I am happy to join the Party on this special day," said Asum. Tibetan people perform to mark the first Serfs Emancipation Day at Tianjin Square in Qamdo, southwest China's Tibet Autonomous Region, March 28, 2009Gyezang, 33, is an English teacher from Xigaze. "Establishment of the day could help us remember the darkness in the past and cherish the life more," she said.     Dawa Lhamo, a nine-year-old student from the No. 3 primary school in Lhasa, was happy on Saturday although she was not familiar with the past.     "I will become a soldier when I grow up, to protect Tibet," she said.     People from outside Tibet also expressed their wishes to Tibetans.     Chen Qiuxiong, leader of a working group dispatched from eastern Fujian Province to help with development of Tibet, said they have built a number of infrastructure projects serving farming and animal husbandry in Tibet and helped with the development of culture and education and health care as well as poverty reduction.     "Tibet is now in the period of development and stability, and we will do more for the development of the region," Chen said.     Liu Lumei, a deputy researcher with the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Regional Academy of Social Sciences, said that the establishment of the Serfs Emancipation Day embodies the common wish of all the Chinese people for the stability and development in Tibet.