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Foreign trade in east China's Shanghai port rose 20.3 percent year-on-year to 91.06 billion U.S. dollars in the first two months of 2008, official statistics show.     The figure accounted for 24.9 percent of the country's total trade value of 365.93 billion U.S. dollars from January to February.     Exports climbed 17.2 percent, 20.7 percentage points lower than the period from a year earlier, to 58.59 billion U.S. dollars. Mechanical and electronics products accounted for around 60 percent of total exports.     Imports jumped 26.3 percent, 10.8 percentage points higher from the same period last year, to 32.47 billion U.S. dollars, the Shanghai Customs said.     The surplus rose 7.6 percent to 26.12 billion U.S. dollars. The rate was 66.1 percentage points lower from a year ago.     Export growth slowed as the Spring Festival holiday and the strongest winter blizzards in five decades closed factories and disrupted transport. The government policies introduced last year to reduce surging surplus also contributed to the slower pace, as shown in the steel and garment sectors.     Imports, however, accelerated their pace as China bought more commodities and farm produce at higher prices. Through the Shanghai port 549,000 tons of agricultural products were imported in the two months, an annual increase of nearly 30 percent. Their average price was up 24.7 percent from a year earlier.

SHANGHAI - One experimental clean-energy car runs on natural gas. Another uses ethanol distilled from corn. A third has a zero-emissions electric motor powered by a hydrogen fuel cell. Visitors walk around a Ryuga Mazda car on display during The Shanghai Auto Show in Shanghai April 21, 2007. These alternative vehicles were created not by a global automaker but by China's small but ambitious car companies, which displayed them Sunday alongside gasoline-powered sedans and sport utility vehicles at the start of the Shanghai Auto Show. At a time when they are still trying to establish themselves in international markets, Chinese automakers are already investing in such avant-garde research in a bid to win a foothold in the next generation of technology. "This is the tide of the industry. If you don't go with the tide, the industry will pass you by," said Qin Lihong, a vice president of China's biggest domestic automaker, Chery Auto Co., in an interview ahead of the show's opening. China's leaders are encouraging the development as part of efforts to cut pollution and rising dependence on imported oil and to make this country a creator of profitable technologies. Chinese manufacturers are getting help from foreign automakers in joint ventures and from research alliances with Chinese universities and government laboratories. Beijing has made cleaner cars a policy priority, targeting the field as one of 11 priority areas in a 15-year technology development plan issued in February 2006. It promised grants and tax breaks to support industry efforts. The campaign embodies one of Beijing's strategies in technology development: Pick new areas with no entrenched competitors so China can make breakthroughs without huge costs. While foreign automakers have a lead in conventional technology, "in new energy we're starting from almost the same line," said Chen Hong, the president of Shanghai Automotive Industries Corp. "So we believe we can catch up with other auto companies and make great progress in developing new energy vehicles," Chen said. China's leaders are pressing its auto, steel, manufacturing and other industries to improve energy efficiency and cut pollution. They see China's rising reliance on imported oil as a strategic weakness. China already is the world's No. 2 oil consumer after the United States and saw imports soar by 14.5 percent in 2006, driven by economic growth that has topped 10 percent for the past four years. A boom in car sales has added to smog shrouding China's major cities, which are among the world's dirtiest. Vehicle sales jumped 25.1 percent last year to 7.2 million units, including 3.8 million passenger cars. At the Shanghai show, both SAIC and Chery displayed experimental fuel-cell sedans, while they and a third Chinese automaker, Chang'an Automobile Group Co., also showed gasoline-electric hybrids. SAIC said it will start selling its hybrid next year, while Qin said Chery's would go on the market in two to three years. "The hybrid will be our focus," SAIC chairman Hu Maoyan said at a news conference. "The fuel cell will be our direction." SAIC has spent 100 million yuan ( million) on fuel cell research, according to state media. Chery had the widest array of alternative vehicles on display at the Shanghai show. They included models outfitted to run on bio-diesel made from vegetable oil or a "flexible fuel" choice of compressed natural gas or ethanol. Foreign automakers also are playing a role in China's research. General Motors Corp. has a joint-venture technology center with SAIC in Shanghai and operates three experimental fuel cell buses in the city. DaimlerChrysler AG has three of its own fuel cell buses running regular routes in Beijing in a research project with the technology ministry. Foreign automakers including GM, Ford Motor Co., BMW AG and Honda Motor Co. displayed their own hybrids and experimental fuel cell cars at the Shanghai show. Company officials said hydrogen fuel cells, which produce power with no exhaust, are the cleanest option. But they say it could be a decade or more before such technology is commercially feasible, due partly to the need to create a network of hydrogen filling stations. Chinese authorities also are looking at other possible fuels such as natural gas and methane extracted from coal, said Mei-Wei Cheng, the president of Ford's China operations. "This is not an easy decision, because every option has pros and cons," Cheng said. "The government is trying to find a solution as quickly as possible, but this is a difficult problem."

BEIJING -- Timothy Keating, US Pacific Command commander-in-chief, will visit China from January 13 to 16, the Chinese Ministry of National Defence (MND) said on Tuesday.During Keating's China stay, senior Chinese generals and officials from the Central Military Commission, the General Staff of the Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA), Guangzhou Military Area Command and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs will meet him separately, the foreign affairs office of the MND said in a press release.The Chinese officials were expected to widely exchange views with Keating on Sino-US military ties, the Taiwan issue, and international and regional affairs of common concern, according to the press release.The four-day tour would also take Keating to the country's financial hub of Shanghai, and Guangzhou, capital of the southern Guangdong Province. There, he was scheduled to visit the PLA military institutions and bases and hold a seminar with Chinese military officials."China takes positive attitude toward developing military relations with the United States, and hopes Keating's visit could further enhance understanding, expand consensus and boost cooperation, so as to promote the bilateral military ties to grow steadily in the new year," the release said.The MND was consulting with the US side on detailing arrangements of the visit.Keating was visiting China for the second time since being appointed to the post in March. He was last here in May.

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Executives of China's major edible oil manufacturers and guild leaders were summoned to Beijing on Monday for a closed door meeting at which the government required them to step up production to rein in the soaring market prices.An official with the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) who asked not to be identified said it was understandable for the edible oil processing firms to raise prices as the continuous rise in the cost of raw materials had increased their production costs.However, the public had responded strongly to the price hikes of edible oils, coming as they did with rapid rises in the prices of other goods, the official said.Edible oil makers were told to "deepen their sense of social responsibility" and "bear the overall interests of the country in mind".Incomplete statistics from various regions show prices of domestic edible oils rose by 20 percent from November last year to June as the prices of peanuts and other oil-bearing products had risen.In eastern Shandong Province, first grade peanut oil has risen by 28.6 percent from 14,000 yuan per ton in April to a record 18,000 yuan per ton. While supermarkets marked down cooking oils to boost sales, people were reportedly standing in long queues. On Oct. 26 in Shanghai, 15 shoppers were injured after people swarmed in a local supermarket to snap up edible oils on sale only five minutes after the store opened.But the latest weekly market monitoring report by the Ministry of Commerce showed the prices of cooking oils fluctuated only slightly from Oct. 22 to 28, with the prices of peanut oil edging up 0.1 percent from a week earlier, while rapeseed oil was down 0.1 percent, and soybean and blended oils were basically the same.Wang Hanzhong, director of the Oil Crop Institution of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, attributed the price hikes to a shortfall of oil crop output as the acreage under oil crops had dwindled drastically. Major oil crop producer Hubei Province, for example, had found the acreage under rapeseed shrank from 18 million mu to 15 million mu last year. The situations in Sichuan, Anhui and Jiangsu were even worse.Soaring domestic demand that registered an annual average growth of 8.95 percent from 14.54 million tons in 2001 to 22.35 million tons in 2006, had aggravated the problem, turning China into the world's largest edible oil consumer. Domestic edible oil supply met just 40 percent of domestic demand.In a statement after the meeting, the NDRC spelled out five requests including the supply of more small-package oil to meet market demand.Oil processors were not allowed to disturb market order or stoke up fears for price hikes by hoarding raw materials, rigging raw material supply, cutting production or restricting supply.Price hikes must be kept within reasonable margins and be made when absolutely necessary, it said, adding that oil processors must enhance cost controls, improve management and absorb the costs from raw materials as much as possible.The NDRC also warned large cooking oil makers not to collude in setting prices or provide short measures or shoddy products.Under current price conditions, enterprises should transfer part of their interests to the people and cherish their public reputation, it said.Industrial associations were required to provide guidance to firms, make sure they abide by laws and regulations, admonish enterprises in cases of unfair competition, and keep market supervisors informed of the malpractice.If the price hikes exceeded the extra production costs, market supervisors would step in, it warned.Without identifying the participating cooking oil makers, the statement said that representatives from business communities had promised to maintain market order with their actions and contribute to the stabilization of market prices.China's consumer price index, a key measure of inflation, rose by 6.2 percent in September after hitting an 11-year high of 6.5 percent in August, while food prices jumped by 16.9 percent from January to September over the same period of last year, figures from the National Bureau of Statistics showed.The Ministry of Agriculture released 11 measures in late September, including rewards to major oil crop planting counties as well as total subsidies of 300 million yuan for soybean cultivation and assistance of one billion yuan for rapeseed cultivation.The import duty on soy beans was also cut from three percent to one percent. The State Grain Administration released 200,000 tons of state edible oil reserve to meet rising demand prior to the the National Day holiday that fell on October 1.

BEIJING - Floods and landslides have killed at least 360 people across China this summer and destroyed more than 4 million hectares (15.4 million sq miles) of crops, Xinhua news agency said on Wednesday. Direct economic losses were 24.3 billion yuan (.21 billion), according to latest figures from the State Flood Control and Drought Relief Headquarters. "Apart from 217,000 houses wholly or partially destroyed, more than 4.28 million hectares of grain crops have been hit, with 2.03 million hectares totally destroyed," headquarters deputy director Cheng Dianlong was quoted as saying. Most of the deaths occurred after downpours across the Jialing River Valley in the southwest province of Sichuan which have resulted in floods in almost all the tributaries of Jujiang River, a branch of the Jialing, and triggered severe mountain torrents, mud-rock flows and landslides. "Ferocious floods battered 40 counties along their route, submerging the downtown areas of four counties and shattering two small dams," Xinhua said. Cheng warned the situation across the Huai River Valley was at flashpoint with all trunk rivers there reporting dangerously high water levels. China flooded dozens of evacuated villages to ease pressure from the swollen Huai in the eastern province of Anhui. More rain was forecast for the next two days along the Huai, flowing through the central province of Henan and the eastern provinces of Anhui and Jiangsu. A total of 545 people were killed by natural disasters in China in the first half of the year, according to a report released by the Ministry of Civil Affairs. Another 78 people went missing as a result of natural disasters, including floods, landslides, mudflows, gales, snowstorms and earthquakes.

China's employers have dual problems on the hiring front as they face the biggest salary increases in Asia needed to attract talent and the region's highest turnover, according to a survey.The findings appeared in the Friday edition of the China Youth Daily.Nearly one-third, or 32 percent, of the employers surveyed planned to raise salaries by at least 20 percent to attract badly-need talent, said the survey by human resources company Hudson.The survey covered employers' first-quarter plans and expectations.Year-end bonuses are expected to rise significantly, with 66 percent of the respondents planning to increase year-end bonuses at least 10 percent and almost one-fourth planning raises of more than 20 percent.But despite significant increases in compensation, staffing turnover has been heavy.Across all industries, 47 percent of companies surveyed had turnover rates of more than 10 percent in the past 12 months, and 13 percent said that the rate was more than 20 percent.China's staff turnover rate was highest in Asia, more than twice that of Japan, the Youth Daily report said. Unsatisfactory compensation and limited career progression were blamed for China's high turnover level.Among respondents, 22 percent agreed that limited career progression was a major cause of high turnover, while 18 percent believed it resulted from dissatisfaction over money.The report predicted a persistent increase in salary levels in China because of limited talent resources.

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SHANGHAI: A revised rule that forces shipping companies to shoulder the cost of cleaning up pollution from maritime accidents, such as oil spills, in China's waters, is likely to take effect next year, if not sooner, a senior official with China Maritime Safety Administration (MSA) said Wednesday.If the revised regulation is approved by the State Council, companies such as Sinopec, PetroChina and the China National Offshore Oil Corp (CNOOC) will be required to contribute to a special compensation and clean-up fund, Liu Gongcheng, executive director of China MSA, said.Liu told a press conference prior to the 2007 Shanghai International Maritime Forum, which kicked off Wednesday, the fund will boost the country's emergency response capabilities to maritime pollution disasters.The official declined to say how big the fund could be.The rules also include a scheme asking all ships using its seawaters to purchase insurance.Liu said the mechanism, already in the pipeline for two years, is one of China MSA's measures to handle possible oil spill pollution, as the ocean environment faces greater pressure with increased shipping traffic, including oil cargo ships to and from China's coast.Figures showed more than 90 percent of China's oil imports - 145 million tons last year - is transported by sea. Some 163,000 tankers of all sizes sailed into and out of China's ports last year, an average of 446 every day."The size of oil tankers is also getting bigger, up to 300,000 tons, which has added to the risk," Liu said. "If only 1 percent of the oil is spilled, we will be confronted with a catastrophe."Oil spills can wreak havoc on sea life, fishing and tourism. They cost millions of yuan to clean up and even more in compensation and damages, he said.The oil spill from the tanker Prestige, which sank off Spain in November 2002, leaked 77,000 tons of oil that caused several billion dollars worth of damage.In the past year, there have been several oil spills in domestic seawaters that involved 500 to 600 tons of oil, but didn't cause serious pollution due to emergency response, Liu said.Losses caused by ships using international waters can be covered by insurance in accordance with international conventions.However China urgently needs a mechanism to cover the costs many small- and medium-sized ship owners cannot afford."It is not fair to let the clean-up companies shoulder the cost, so the compensation fund can be especially useful in that situation," he said.The administration is continuing to invest in facilities and enhance China's emergency response capabilities.

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BEIJING - Chinese central government offices suffered a day without air-conditioning as they warmed to a campaign to cut energy consumption and improve energy efficiency, Xinhua news agency said on Wednesday. Tuesday's campaign, dubbed "experiencing energy shortage", targeted offices and government departments under the State Council, the nation's cabinet. "Beijing was not as sun-burning as previous days on Tuesday, but the overcast weather still made people sweat in the afternoon," Xinhua said. China's capital has unleashed "energy police" to enforce limits on air-conditioner use as the government pushes to save power and clean polluted skies, state media said this week. China last year vowed to cut energy consumption for every unit of economic activity by 20 percent by the end of 2010. But feverish economic growth has so far defied the target. The government's latest weapon is 22 officials who will check whether offices, hotels, malls and other big buildings in Beijing are observing a demand to set air conditioning no cooler than 26 degrees Celsius (79 Fahrenheit), the Beijing News reported. Worried that the nation cannot sustain resource-sapping growth, the central government has repeatedly ordered officials and companies to save energy. Efforts to clear the capital of pollution have taken on a new urgency with the 2008 Beijing Olympics just over a year away. Chinese President Hu Jintao and other officials have said the country is committed to emission reduction, but refused mandatory caps. Beijing has held up its voluntary energy saving measures as an important contribution to fighting global warming, and called for more technological help for clean energy.