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A senior central bank official has rejected calls for a quicker increase in the flexibility of the renminbi exchange rate, saying the currency's role in rectifying global economic imbalances should not be exaggerated. Hu Xiaolian, deputy governor of the People's Bank of China, said more attention should instead be paid to growing protectionism to safeguard the health of the world economy, according to a central bank statement and Xinhua. She was speaking in Washington on Saturday at a conference during the semi-annual meetings of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank. The meetings are a venue for key financial officials of the two institutions' member countries to discuss global economic issues. Officials and economists at the IMF, which has a mandate to safeguard the global economy and render advice to member countries, said that Beijing should pursue a more flexible exchange rate, for the sake of both the Chinese economy and a more balanced global economy. However, China did not seem to see the advice as being appropriate. "The fund... should respect its member countries' core interests and actual economic fundamentals," Hu was quoted as saying. "Biased advice would damage the fund's role in safeguarding global economic and financial stability." In July 2005, China abandoned the renminbi's decade-old peg to the US dollar and let the currency appreciate by 2.1 per cent. Since then, it has gained almost another 5 percent against the dollar. However, there has been a persistent international chorus, led by the United States, arguing that China has not been moving quick enough in letting its currency rise. US lawmakers have said that the country's trade deficit was partly caused by what they believed an undervalued Chinese currency. Chinese officials say the yuan's flexibility would gradually increase but argue that radical steps would generate shocks in the Chinese economy which could spread to the rest of the world. "The IMF... should attach significance to stability of domestic economies (of member countries) when observing their contribution to outside stability," Hu said. She said the IMF should strengthen surveillance over the soundness of economic policies of countries whose currencies are used as major instruments in other countries' foreign exchange reserves. She was clearly referring to the US, whose low savings rate, and fiscal and trade deficits are agreed to be a key cause for global economic imbalances. Hu also called attention to what is seen as a rising protectionist sentiment, which has been causing troubles for China's exporters. "We call on all countries to harness the opportunities created by globalization... and resolutely oppose protectionism," she said.

BERLIN - German Chancellor Angela Merkel Tuesday called for "good and intensive relations" with China.German Chancellor Angela Merkel addresses a news conference in Berlin January 15, 2008. [Agencies] "The German side is perfectly ready" to continue the sound relations with China on both economic and political levels, Merkel told a news conference in Berlin, in response to a question raised by Xinhua.The two countries have to rely on each other when it comes to international cooperation, said Merkel, who plans to visit Beijing in October for the Asia Europe Meeting (ASEM).The Chancellor said China played a "constructive role" at the climate conference held on the Indonesian island of Bali in December which laid a groundwork for a successor to the Kyoto agreement on cutting greenhouse gas emissions.She also wished China every success in hosting the Beijing Olympic Games.

SHANGHAI -- China will launch its first Mars probe in October 2009 as part of a joint mission with Russia, said sources with the Shanghai Space Administration, the main developer of the probe, on Monday. Researchers are "pressing ahead" with the project for a synchronized launching with a Russian probe, said Chen Changya, a researcher with the Shanghai Institute of Satellite Engineering, at a space technology exhibition. He said the home-developed Chinese probe is scheduled for completion by June 2009. The probe, 75 centimeters long, 75 centimeters wide, 60 centimeters high and weighing 110 kilograms, is designed to be able to serve a two-year mission, according to Chen. Its model is on display at the exhibition. The Chinese probe, with Russia's Phobos-Grunt, will be launched by a Russian carrier rocket, Chen said. They are expected to land on Mars in 2010 after 10 month's flight.

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Communist Party of China (CPC) and Taiwan's Kuomintang (KMT) must "hold hands" to cooperate and to prevent crisis across the Taiwan Strait, Hu Jintao, general secretary of the CPC told a visiting delegation. Hu Jintao (R), General secretary of the Communist Party of China shakes hands with Lien Chan, honorary chairman of Kuomintang at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing April 28, 2007. [Reuters]"Let us hold hands to cooperate, prevent Taiwanese independence and preserve cross-strait peace," Hu said in welcoming Lien Chan, honorary chairman of the KMT, who is attending the third annual Cross-Strait Economic and Cultural Summit in Beijing today and tomorrow. Lien and more than 300 party officials and business leaders arrived in Beijing yesterday after touring provincial cities where they were welcomed by local officials. Lien met with Hu in 2005, and again last year, ending more than 60 years of animosity with the Communist Party. This meeting "will be a reiteration of their consensus for party-to-party cooperation to promote cross-strait peace," Philip Yang, a political science professor at National Taiwan University, said in a phone interview yesterday from Taipei. Win-Win The summit, which is focusing on direct flights, tourism and education, is taking place at a time when Taiwan's Democratic Progressive Party is accelerating efforts to split China's sovereignty. "We must insist on a win-win goal," Lien said to Hu. "Building mutually beneficial relations is a global trend. We must work closer together to achieve this." Since Lien's historic meeting with Hu in 2005, Beijing has allowed Taiwanese professionals to be accredited on the Chinese mainland and given Taiwanese students equal treatment in mainland universities. Cross-strait charter flights for Taiwanese investors living on the mainland have been expanded to all major holidays. In addition, Beijing opened its markets for tariff-free imports of Taiwanese fruit. Pandas Rejected The mainland offered Taiwan a gift of a pair of pandas, which "President" Chen Shui-bian and his "government" rejected. Beijing also offered to allow the Olympic torch relay to cross Taiwan's soil as a sign of goodwill in the run-up to the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. The DPP-led "government" has promoted Taiwanese ethnic identity and tried to eliminate mainland culture, a move contrary to the interests of most Taiwanese, Lien said in his opening speech to the summit. "The DPP has reversed growth, caused political tensions and isolation and escalated an arms race and economic marginalization for Taiwan," Lien said. The DPP's moves are "dangerous and escalate cross-strait military tensions," Jia Qinglin, chairman of the mainland top political advisory assembly, said at the beginning of the summit.

The growth of the services sector should be accelerated and opened wider to private and foreign investors, the State Council has said. Market access for such sectors as telecommunications, railways and civil aviation - by far largely State-owned - will be increased and more competition encouraged to diversify investment, the Cabinet said in a document released yesterday. The country will establish an "open, fair and rule-based" market access system, according to the document, which urged local governments and departments to encourage foreign investment and improve the legal framework in the sector. Private investors are encouraged to "raise the proportion of non-State output in the national services industry". No domain should be off-limits as long as the law does not forbid the entry of non-State investors, the document said. The State Council said the services trade should be encouraged to change the foreign trade growth pattern, which comprises mainly exports of low-end manufactured goods. Some local governments were criticized for tilting toward heavy industries and ignoring the services sector, which made up 40.2 percent of China's gross domestic product (GDP) last year. It generally accounts for about 70 percent in developed economies.The sector is important for China as it makes efforts to change its economic growth pattern, reduce consumption of energy and resources and create jobs, the document said. Given those benefits, "developing the services sector is imperative for China," Liu Xiahui, an economist with the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, told China Daily. "But for the moment, it still has to rely on the industrial sector to generate more tax revenues and achieve a high rate of economic growth." Liu said while the general services industry, such as the catering trade, has grown fast, many regions are not developed enough to accommodate high-end value-added services, such as finance. "We cannot ignore our economic reality." "But I do hope the country can make bigger strides in developing the services sector, which is in line with China's future needs," Liu added. As one of the steps, the State Council urged more input into sectors oriented toward people's livelihood, such as real estate, non-State nursing homes for the aged and culture. The cabinet put special emphasis on the services industry in rural areas, urging an increase in farmers' incomes and a relaxation of the urban household registration system.

BEIJING - The People's Bank of China (PBOC), the central bank, on Thursday asked its local offices to ensure cash supplies amid persistent snow to meet demand for the Spring Festival, which falls on February 7.Snow has disrupted transportation, making it hard to deliver cash to the branches.The central bank, in a circular, urged its local offices to help commercial banks in getting or storing cash.The heavy snow that has fallen since mid-January, the worst in 50 years in much of China, has paralyzed transportation, frozen the power grid and caused serious economic losses.It showed no signs of abating as forecasters warned of three more days of snow and sleet.

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BEIJING - Zhang Bing grew up in remote Inner Mongolia, where his family herded sheep and raised chickens. Today he's a manager in a glittering karaoke club 1,000 kilometers (600 miles) away in a booming eastern Chinese city. Zhang, 26, is part of a huge wave of rural workers streaming into China's cities in search of work and opportunity. A UN report released Wednesday said more than half of China's population - now 1.3 billion people - will be living in urban areas within 10 years. Government officials say an estimated 150 million people moved to China's cities between 1999 and 2005, providing labor to fuel the country's breakneck economic growth. "From 1980 to 2030, the population of China will go from being 20 percent urban to almost two-thirds urban. We're in the middle of that transformation. Within the next 10 years we'll cross that halfway mark," said William Ryan, the United Nations Population Fund's information adviser for Asia and the Pacific region. The agency's State of World Population 2007 report says more than half the world's population will live in cities and towns in 2008, with the number expected to grow to 60 percent, or 5 billion people, by 2030. Asia is at the forefront of this demographic shift, expected to nearly double its urban population between 2000 and 2030, from 1.4 billion to 2.6 billion. Zhang moved to Tianjin after high school and earns about US0 (euro370) a month at the Oriental Pearl karaoke club. He saves two-thirds, and is thinking of opening a store to sell knockoff purses. He said he expects to have a wife, house and car - "an Audi, definitely" - within 10 years. Like 80 percent of migrant workers in China, Zhang is under 35 and works in the service industry, which along with construction and manufacturing employs most migrant workers. But his story, told in the UNFPA's youth supplement, is atypical. Although most workers have only a middle school education, Zhang finished high school and attended business school in Tianjin. His salary is much higher than the average worker's 500 to 800 yuan (US to 5; euro48 to euro78) a month, according to Duan Chengrong, a demographics professor at Renmin University. In comparison, a typical Beijing urbanite makes about 2,000 yuan (US0; euro193) a month. Migrant workers generally cram themselves into rented housing on the outskirts of town, with an average of five square meters (50 square feet) of living space per person and no heat, running water or sanitation facilities, Duan said. At many construction sites, the workers lodge in ramshackle dormitories, or even in tents pitched on a nearby sidewalk. China's government has taken measures to "avoid the emergence of urban slums and the transformation of rural poor to urban poor," said Hou Yan, deputy director of the social development department in China's Development and Reform Commission. She mentioned programs such as establishing a minimum living standard, providing medical and educational assistance, and supplying affordable housing and basic public services. Hou did not give details of the programs. China's urbanization is unique in that it stems largely from migration instead of natural population growth. The Communist government that took control in 1949 imposed residency rules as part of strict controls on where people could live, work or even whom they could marry. It was not until recent years that rising wealth and greater personal freedoms eroded the system, allowing farmers to move to cities. The UNFPA estimates that, in less than a decade, China will have 83 cities of more than 750,000 people. Zhang, who spoke at the news conference where the UNFPA report was released, believes cities are the future of China. Before taking the job at the karaoke club, he made money teaching Chinese to foreign students, selling phone cards and running a copy shop. "In order to get employed, what is most important is to be diligent," he said. "Only when you work hard can you get good results."

General Secretary of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee Hu Jintao and visiting Chinese Kuomintang (KMT) Honorary Chairman Lien Chan underscored peace and development across the Taiwan Straits in their meeting in Beijing Saturday. Hu Jintao (R), General Secretary of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee, meets with Honorary Chairman of the Chinese Kuomintang (KMT) Lien Chan at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing, capital of China, in this April 16, 2006 file photo. [Xinhua]"Peace and development should be the theme of cross-Straits relations, and the common goal of the people both in the mainland and Taiwan," Hu said. Lien said peace was the basis for cross-Strait prosperity and development. Compatriots from both sides of the Straits should face up to the challenges and continue to pursue peace, so as to create economic prosperity on both sides of the Straits. The mainland is creating a miracle with a growth rate of about 10 percent for 27 years, he noted. "Peace and prosperity live together, for if there is no peace, there will be no prosperity, and only peace creates opportunities for us to pursue prosperity," he said. Lien arrived on Thursday leading a KMT delegation to attend a cross-Straits economic and trade forum, which closed on Saturday. Hu extended warm congratulations on the behalf of the CPC Central Committee for the success of the forum. "The two-day forum is an important activity for the two parties to continue exchanges and dialog," Hu said. The mainland announced at the forum a new package of beneficial policies to promote cross-Straits economic and trade relations, and the participants also passed joint proposals for closer economic and trade ties across the Straits. The 15 new favorable policies announced by the mainland pointed out a new direction for the future cross-Straits economic and trade development, Lien told Hu. Hu and Lien met for the first time in Beijing a year ago when Lien, then chairman of the Taiwan-based KMT party, had an "ice-breaking" journey to the mainland. It was also the first meeting between top leaders of the CPC and KMT in 60 years. Hu called for closer personnel, economic and cultural exchanges between the mainland and Taiwan to curb Taiwan secessionist activities and maintain peace across the Taiwan Strait.

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BEIJING - More than 50 people in the Chinese capital have been fined for spitting during the week-long May Day holidays, according to officials in charge of the city's image. Beijing's management department and civilization promotion office have jointly sent five inspection teams to patrol the downtown Wangfujing pedestrian street, Tian'anmen Square, commercial centers and railway stations to stop people from spitting, littering, random posting of advertisements and scrawling. By Sunday, 56 people were fined for spitting and refusing to correct the bad habit, according to the teams. The officials also handed out more than 10,000 bags to tourists, reminding them not to litter. The government is now anxious to correct the embarrassing habits of Chinese travelers ahead of next year's Olympics Games. And there is no better opportunity of doing it than the May Day travel spree, when an estimated 150 million Chinese will be on the road. The China National Tourism Administration has issued a circular, making travel agencies and tour guides responsible for correcting tourists' bad behavior during the holidays. Jumping the line, spitting, littering and clearing one's throat loudly in public are some of the frequently observed practices among Chinese travelers, according to a guideline prepared and released last year by the Spiritual Civilization Steering Committee (SCSC) of the Chinese Communist Party, the official etiquette watchdog. "We are supposed to remind people constantly throughout the tour, and also lead an etiquette discussion at the end of the tour," said Huang Xiaohui, a travel guide with a Beijing-based travel agency. "The Olympics are coming, and we don't want to get disgraced," Huang said, summing up the purpose succinctly.

Mixed feelings over buying Japanese productsHonda, Canon, Fuji, Sony, Mitsubishi, Asahi, Sumitomo, Shiseido, Square Enix and Daiichi Pharmaceutical apart from being Japanese, these brands have something else in common. They are all immensely popular in China. Chinese consumers, with a collective memory of the eight-year Japanese invasion and Japanese prime ministers' constant visits to the Yasukuni Shrine that honors war criminals, have mixed feelings toward these leading brands. To a recent poll by China Daily on its website (www.chinadaily.com.cn), which posed the question "Have you bought any products made in Japan over the past two years, and why?", 45.63 percent of the respondents said "yes", while 44.04 percent said they had not, and the rest of the 1,065 respondents made no comment. Most people, the survey reveals, buy Japanese products because of their quality, after-sales service, design and affordability. "I don't care if the product comes from Japan or is made in China, I only care about its quality," said a respondent. Some consumers believe that the history of war is a political issue, with no relevance to business. A Japanese goods buyer said: "That's the real world. You buy what's value for money. There's no way one can deny that Japanese goods are quality products," but added that if any Japanese company got involved in politics in a "negative way", its goods would fall from her grace. But a great number of people said they were in two minds when buying Japanese goods. "Frankly speaking, products made in Japan are superior to ours, so we tend to buy them. It's rational consumer behavior," a respondent said. "However, in terms of politics, the Japanese prime ministers' visits to Yasukuni infuriates all Chinese people." Most respondents who do not buy Japanese commodities share the latter view. Many of those who participated in the survey believe the two nations share many common interests such as bilateral trade and investment and the Japanese government should strengthen bilateral ties. Bilateral trade volume reached 7.36 billion in 2006, up 12.5 percent over the previous year. Japan continues to be China's third-largest trade partner. By the end of November 2006, Japanese firms had invested .45 billion in China. Japan is now the second-largest source of foreign investment in China, after the United States. From January to October 2006, Chinese enterprises invested .18 million in Japan, with total investment from China reaching 9 million. This year is the 35th anniversary of the normalization of China-Japan relations and the 70th anniversary of the "July 7 Incident" that marked the beginning of the War of Resistance against Japanese aggression.