超高层建筑经济效益研究

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MOSCOW, March 23 (Xinhua) -- The Sino-Russian relations of strategic cooperation and partnership have become the most important, most vigorous and richest ties between the two major powers, Chinese Vice-President Xi Jinping said here on Tuesday.At a meeting with Prime Minister Vladimir Putin, Xi conveyed sincere greetings from Chinese President Hu Jintao and Premier Wen Jiabao to the Russian leader.The Sino-Russian relations have always been a priority of China's foreign policy. To boost a sound and stable development of the Sino-Russian relations of strategic cooperation and partnership have been an established guideline of the Communist Party of China (CPC) and the Chinese government, Xi said.China stands ready to step up mutual support on issues concerning both sides' core and strategic interests, exploit complementary advantages, jointly promote a multi-polar world and the democratization of international relations and elevate bilateral ties to a new stage, the Chinese vice-president said. Chinese Vice President Xi Jinping (R) meets with Russian Prime Minister Vladimir Putin in Moscow, capital of Russia, March 23, 2010.Xi hoped the two countries will further their coordination on economic development strategies, deepen energy cooperation and improve the quality and level of economic and trade cooperation.He called for further implementation of major consensus on interregional cooperation reached by the two countries' leaders and increased people-to-people exchanges against the backdrop of the "Year of Chinese Language" in Russia this year.

BEIJING, Feb. 19 (Xinhua) -- U.S. political rhetoric has recently been obsessed with the exchange rate of the renminbi. President Barack Obama has indicated on several occasions that he would take a tougher stance on this issue in order to address trade imbalances between his country and China.But does the renminbi hold the key to this issue? What are the backstage calculations behind those demands from Washington?RENMINBI A WRONG TARGETWhile addressing Democratic senators early this month, Obama said the issue of renminbi exchange rate must be addressed to ensure that American products will not be put into a huge competitive disadvantage given the fact that China is going to be one of America's biggest markets.In an interview with Businessweek on Feb. 10, Obama said he and Chinese leaders are going to have some "very serious negotiations" on the renminbi issue.Supporters of Obama include economists such as Gary Hufbauer, a senior fellow at the Peterson Institute for International Economics. Those experts say China's huge trade surplus is a result of an undervalued renminbi. Appreciation of the Chinese currency, in their view, would re-balance China's international trade.However, the validity of such argument is questionable.The Japanese yen, for example, has been appreciated enormously against the U.S. dollar over the past 40 years. Yet Japan's trade surplus with the United States has been continuously on the increase over the same period.The case with the Japanese yen has clearly demonstrated that international payment is not necessarily entirely linked to currency exchange rates. International trade balance is rather determined by international division of labor and product competitiveness.Stephen King, chief economist of the HSBC bank, said it is unreasonable to simply attribute China's big trade surplus to an undervalued currency. China's high savings rate is a more important factor in this respect, he told Xinhua.Nobel Prize laureate Andrew Michael Spence shared King's argument."Reducing the surplus in China involves deep structural change, much as reducing the U.S. deficits does. China's high savings are embedded in the structure of the economy," Spence wrote in Jan. 21's Financial Times.Without structural change, an appreciation of the renminbi might well lead to continued high savings and slow economic growth in China, rather than to a reduction of China's trade surplus, he wrote.International Monetary Fund (IMF) chief economist Olivier Blanchard believes that renminbi appreciation is not a solution for the U.S. economy.According to an IMF model, the American GDP will grow by 1 percent when the renminbi appreciates by 20 percent and other major Asian currencies also appreciate by a similar margin, he told Xinhua."This would be good news for U.S. growth. But this is clearly not enough, by itself to sustain growth in the United States," said Blanchard.World Bank chief economist and Vice President Justin Yifu Lin also said that the appreciation of the renminbi will not solve the problem of trade imbalance between China and the United States. On the contrary, such a move might damage both economies.CHINA BASHING NOT HELPFULObama has frequently attacked China over the renminbi issue in recent months. His motives are thought-provoking.In an article titled "Obama bashes China in order to win midterm elections," Japanese weekly Choice pointed out that after one year in office, the U.S. president now faces a sharp drop in approval ratings, a double-digit unemployment ratio and the loss of Democratic "supermajority" in the Senate.Trying to win the midterm elections under such circumstances, Obama had moved toward a "China-bashing" policy since the end of last year, including imposing high tariffs on Chinese products and pressuring China on renminbi exchange rate.But the truth is China has become the largest victim of U.S. trade protectionism since the outbreak of the global financial crisis.According to statistics released by the United States International Trade Commission, there were roughly 50 trade remedy cases filed by the United States between January and November 2009, half of which targeted China.At the end of last year, Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao said in an exclusive interview with Xinhua that some foreign countries kept asking China to appreciate its currency while using various protectionist measures against China. Their real motive was to contain China's growth, he said.Wen reiterated that China will never yield to external pressures on the exchange rate issue.In essence, a country's exchange rate policy is a matter of sovereignty.During a meeting with a visiting delegation of U.S. Chamber of Commerce in May 2005, Wen made it clear that the reform of renminbi's exchange rate was a sovereign right of China, and that every country had the right to choose a foreign exchange system compatible to its own national conditions and a reasonable exchange rate level.Wen said China would obey the rules of a market economy, but would never give in under foreign pressure.Any foreign pressure or attempt to manipulate the issue via news media represented a politicization of economic issues, which was unhelpful, the premier added.George Gilder, founder of Discovery Institute, said that it is neither realistic nor helpful for the United States to raise the renminbi exchange rate issue again with China.Pieter Bottelier, former chief of the World Bank's Resident Mission in China, told Xinhua that China and the United States share broad common interests.A prosperous, stable and strong China is in the interests of the United States and vice versa, said Bottelier. The two nations need to settle their differences through various dialogue mechanisms, he added.In recent years, China has been making efforts to balance international. The renminbi has been steadily appreciated against the U.S. dollar and the euro.Between July 2005, when China began its renminbi exchange rate reform, and the end of 2009, the value of the renminbi has appreciated by 21.21 percent against the U.S. dollar and up by 2.21 percent against the euro.Under such circumstances, China has been the fastest growing export market for the United States in recent years.In 2009, U.S. exports to China amounted to 77.4 billion dollars, accounting for an increasingly larger share in the country's total exports.During the same period, U.S. trade deficits with China dropped by 16 percent year-on-year.In the Asian financial crisis of late 1990s, China won worldwide applause for keeping a stable exchange rate of the renminbi.In the ongoing global financial crisis, while the world's major currencies all lost value, China has remained committed to a responsible renminbi exchange rate policy and has made significant contributions to the recovery of the global economy.Many experts familiar to China-U.S. trade pointed out that in order to achieve trade balance, the United States should take positive and concrete steps, such as increasing hi-tech exports to China and allowing Chinese firms to acquire shares in U.S. financial and technology sectors.

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BEIJING, March 9 (Xinhua) -- Nearly 42.5 million Chinese rural workers received professional training in 2009, up 7.6 percent from the previous year and 42 percent higher than the yearly target, the Chinese Ministry of Education said Tuesday.About 7.91 million workers were trained in cities they work in after migrating from rural areas, accounting for 18.8 percent of the total, while the rest were schooled in their hometown provinces, the Ministry said.After the outbreak of the global financial crisis in 2008 when exports contracted and jobs vanished overnight, the Chinese government has increasingly emphasized the importance of rural worker training in a bid to improve worker's job skills and to prepare the country for industry upgrading, the ministry said.In southwest China's Tibet, training covered housekeeping services, traditional painting, solar energy applications and TV set maintenance which are closely linked with the local economy.In east China's Zhejiang Province, rural young people not enrolled at senior high schools have access to a 6 to 12-month training course to give them horticultural and general farming skills.

BEIJING, Feb. 24 (Xinhua) -- Senior Chinese leader Zhou Yongkang on Wednesday urged the country's prosecutors to learn from role models so to better serve the people and safeguard social justice.Zhou, a member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China Central Committee, made the remarks when meeting respected role models from procuratorates at all levels.Prosecutors had made positive contributions to safeguarding social harmony and stability, protecting people's legitimate interests and advancing the country's economic and social development, Zhou said.Zhou Yongkang (2nd R), a member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China Central Committee, meets with respected role models from procuratorates at all levels around China in Beijing, capital of China, Feb. 24, 2010He urged prosecutors at all levels to embrace innovation in their work, strengthen ties with the people and improve their capacity and ability to serve the people.He also called on prosecutors to faithfully fulfil their duties of supervision and enforce laws in a strict and fair manner.

BEIJING, Feb. 21 (Xinhua) -- With Chinese banks' record new lending in 2009 igniting fears about asset bubbles and bad loan, the banking regulator's latest rules aim to bring financial risk under control.The new directives order banks to focus on loan quality control, rather than quantity restriction, and aim to make loans flow to the real economy -- rather than the property and stock markets, which are susceptible to asset bubble formation.Analysts say the directives are a smart way to handle the policy dilemma the central bank faced: with inflationary pressures growing after increased money supply, how can monetary policy be tightened without hurting the fragile economic recovery?The China Banking Regulatory Commission (CBRC) issued new regulations on Saturday evening telling banks to set lending quotas after "prudent calculation" of borrowers' "actual demand".It also reiterated working capital should not finance fixed-asset investment and equity stakes. The new rules also ask lenders to give funds directly to the end user declared by the borrower, instead of directly giving it to the debtor, in an effort to ensure loans are used for their declared purpose.Execution of the directives will help banks exit the "credit stimulus spree", as they pay more attention to risk control. The directives are crucial for the banks' sustainable expansion, said Yu Xiaoyi, analyst with Guangfa Securities.Loose oversight and easy monetary policy have led to many banks developing the bad habit of being excited about loan extension but indifferent to the tracking of loan use, which can result in credit appropriation, an unnamed insider told Xinhua.That allowed many Chinese enterprises to borrow much more than they needed in order to speculate with various types of investment, even though they had ample funds on hand for their routine business operations.In support of the government's 4-trillion yuan stimulus package, Chinese banks lent an unprecedented 9.6 trillion yuan in 2009, nearly half of 2009 gross domestic product.Researchers said that large amounts of the borrowed funds went into property and stock market speculation, further pushing up soaring house prices and further inflating asset bubbles.According to official data released by CBRC, some regions reported two to three percent of funds were misappropriated.Wang Kejin, an official with the Supervision Rules and Regulation Department of CBRC, told Xinhua "the current working capital and individual loans exceeded real market demand,"The inadequate monitoring of loan use demands improvement, otherwise creditors will suffer losses and systemic risks will build, the CBRC said in a statement on its website."Our purpose was to prevent it happening," the statement said.Ba Shusong, a researcher with the Development Research Center of the State Council, China's cabinet, said the new rules will further strengthen credit risk controls and put a "brake" on lending and keep the financial system in good health,Guo Tianyong, a professor with the Central University of Finance and Economics, said the new directive will prevent systemic risk after the rapid expansion in credit.Although the CBRC and the nation's central bank have repeatedly warned banks to maintain an even pace in lending growth and to avoid big fluctuations, new yuan loans hit a massive 1.39 trillion yuan in January, as banks scrambled to lend before an expected tightening in credit later in the year.CBRC chairman Liu Mingkang said on Jan. 27 the Chinese government is aiming to restrict credit supply to 7.5 trillion yuan (about 1.1 trillion U.S.dollars) in 2010.Analysts expect short-term loans to fall significantly on account of tougher lending requirements that prevent businesses using new loans to repay old credit, a phenomena rampant when bill financing with 180-day maturity comprised nearly half of new loans in the first quarter of 2009.To soak up the excess liquidity on the heels of lending spree, China has raised the deposit reserve requirement ratio (RRR) twice this year, after holding it steady for over a year, to handle the "comparatively loose liquidity" while keeping the "moderately easy" monetary policy unchanged.Jing Ulrich, Chairman of China Equities and Commodities at JP Morgan Chase, estimated China's new lending would fall 17 percent this year as the government takes steps to prevent inflation."While lending support for real economic activity is expected to continue, banks are likely to be more vigilant on shorter term credit facilities, given the regulator's anxiety over asset bubbles and capital adequacy ratios," she said.

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BEIJING, March 2 (Xinhua) -- China on Tuesday urged the United States to work to push bilateral ties back to normal track as two senior U.S. diplomats came to Beijing with hope to ease tensions between the two countries.U.S. Deputy Secretary of State James Steinberg and National Security Council Senior Director for Asian Affairs Jeffrey Bader began their visit in Beijing from Tuesday to Thursday before going to Japan.China's foreign ministry has so far given few details about the visit. The U.S. embassy in China has no plan to hold a press conference as usual."We will have a press release as soon as we get further information about the detailed arrangements," Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesman Qin Gang said, declining to disclose whom the two U.S. diplomats will meet.But Qin repeated at the regular news briefing that the responsibility of the setback of the Sino-U.S. relations lay with the U.S. administration."We urge the U.S. side to earnestly observe the principles laid down in the three Sino-U.S. joint communiques and their joint statement, respect China's core interests and properly handle sensitive issues, and work with the Chinese side to push relations back on a healthy and normal track," Qin said.The United States angered China with its decision to sell arms to Taiwan and President Barack Obama's meeting with the ** Lama regardless of China's objections. China has repeated that the U.S. move would severely harm its core interests.Steinberg's trip was widely seen as a U.S. effort to mend ties with China at a time when they need to cooperate on a range of global issues, including the economic downturn, climate change and trade liberalization.U.S. State Department spokesman Philip Crowley said Monday that the two sides would discuss "bilateral, regional and global issues" during the visit, which would be "an opportunity to refocus on the future."Steinberg and Bader are expected to talk about the Iran nuclear issue as Western powers are weighing sanctions against Iran over its nuclear program.But Qin said there is still room for diplomatic efforts and the parties should work to maintain and promote the process of dialogue and negotiations for a proper resolution of the Iran nuclear issue.Also on Tuesday, a senior Chinese official said Sino-U.S. relations were experiencing a "spring chill" at the beginning of 2010 and suggested more cooperation and "less containment" in bilateral ties.

BEIJING, March 1 (Xinhua) -- China's top political advisor Jia Qinglin on Monday urged political advisors to offer practical suggestions to the country's pressing task of coping with climate change.Jia, chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC), a political advisory body, made the call as he presided over a lecture given to the Standing Committee of the 11th CPPCC National Committee.Xie Zhenhua, Vice Minister of the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) and one of China's leading negotiators for climate change talks, gave committee members a lecture about key climate change issues and China's stands on them.The lecture is aimed at helping the members, whose main duty is to use their expertise to give suggestions to policy makers, to familiarize with and pay more attentions to the issue.Jia said while the global climate change is a major challenge for all countries, China's handling of the issue could impact on the country's overall economic and social development as well as the people's interests.Jia asked the members to conduct further studies in accelerating the adjustment of economic growth mode, industrial and energy structure, and controlling greenhouse gas emissions so as to offer advice to help the country to cope with problems in its development.

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SINGAPORE, Feb. 16 (Xinhua) -- Singapore's Senior Minister Goh Chok Tong said on Tuesday that China will become even more important globally and Singapore must find opportunities to ride on China's growth.Speaking at the Business China spring reception on Tuesday night, Goh said that China has over the past year weathered the global economic downturn with exceptional resilience.Despite shrinking external demand and rising unemployment, China's timely and bold policy responses have enabled its economy to grow at a sizzling 8.7 percent last year, he said, adding that China is now reinforcing its role as the engine for growth in Asia, if not the world.Goh said that the city state recognized China's potential early, soon after China began to open up its economy in 1978.Because of the early efforts made by the Singapore government and Singaporeans, China is today the city state's third largest trading partner and top investment destination, Goh said.As for riding on China's growth, Goh said that the Singapore government will help its companies gain an even stronger foothold in China, and continue to catalyze business opportunities in China.The seven provincial-level business councils, as well as other high-level dialogues and platforms, help open opportunities for companies, reinforce the Singapore brand name and increase its mindshare in China, Goh said.

BEIJING, March 5 (Xinhua) -- China expects its economy to grow around 8 percent in 2010 from a year earlier, says a report delivered by Premier Wen Jiabao at the annual parliament session Friday.Setting the 8-percent target mainly "aims at ensuring the quality of economic growth, focusing on transformation of economic growth pattern and adjustment of economic structure," says the report submitted to the National People's Congress (NPC), the country's top legislature.The increase of consumer price index, a main gauge of inflation, will be held around 3 percent, says the report.Although the development environment this year may be better than 2009, China "will still face a complicated situation," reads the report. Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao delivers a government work report during the opening meeting of the Third Session of the 11th National People's Congress (NPC) at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing, capital of China, March 5, 2010The year of 2010 will be a "crucial but complicated" year for China's economic development as the country will continue fighting against the global financial crisis while maintaining a stable and comparatively fast economic growth and accelerating transformation of growth pattern, according to the report.Peter Trebitsch, a reporter from Hungarian News Agency Corporation, said he is sure that China will hit the growth target."If China sets 8-percent, it will be," Trebitsch said.He noticed that instead of only focusing on expansion, China is giving more attention to quality of growth.He noted, however, the key of economic development pattern transformation lies in implementation of policies in lower level governments."China is going to depend more and more on its own market, thus it has to take care of its people and domestic economy," said Trebitsch."Considering the circumstances that many countries are still suffering considerably, the target of 8 percent growth can leave room for Chinese people to improve their living standards," said Francois Jackman, counselor with Embassy of Barbados in China.As the first country emerging from the global economic downturn, China's gross domestic product (GDP) rose 8.7 percent in 2009 from a year earlier, above the 8-percent target the government set at the beginning of last year.China's quarterly economic growth accelerated as the government's economic stimulus package started to pay off. The national economy rose 6.2 percent in the first quarter last year, 7.9 percent in the second quarter, 9.1 percent in the third and 10.7 percent in the fourth.